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Precipitation Processes

Precipitation Processes

The experimental conditions in a gravimetric analysis should be optimized to maximize the particle size and purity of the obtained precipitate. Ideally, the concentration of the precipitating reagent should be low with effective stirring to maintain low relative supersaturation for the growth of large crystals. In homogeneous precipitation, the precipitant is slowly generated by a chemical reaction in the solution to avoid local reagent excesses. For example, urea decomposes gradually to...

Global Climate Change

Global Climate Change

Throughout its ~4.5 billion year history, the Earth has experienced periods of warming and cooling. However, the current drastic increase in global temperatures is well outside of the Earth’s cyclic norms, and evidence for human-caused global climate change is compelling. Paleoclimatology, the study of ancient climate conditions, provides ample evidence for human-caused global climate change by comparing recent conditions with those in the past.

Precipitation and Co-precipitation

Precipitation and Co-precipitation

Precipitation and coprecipitation methods can be used to separate a mixture of ions in a solution. In qualitative inorganic analysis, ions that form sparingly soluble precipitates with the same reagent are separated based on the differences in solubility products. For example, consider the separation of Cu(II) and Fe(II) ions by precipitation as insoluble sulfides. First, copper(II) sulfide is precipitated by the addition of acidic H2S, where the dissociation of H2S is suppressed. Adding H2S...

Threats to Biodiversity

Threats to Biodiversity

There have been five major extinction events throughout geological history, resulting in the elimination of biodiversity, followed by a rebound of species that adapted to the new conditions. In the current geological epoch, the Holocene, there is a sixth extinction event in progress. This mass extinction has been attributed to human activities and is thus provisionally called the Anthropocene. In 2019 the human population reached 7.7 billion people and is projected to comprise 10 billion by...

Adaptations that Reduce Water Loss

Adaptations that Reduce Water Loss

Though evaporation from plant leaves drives transpiration, it also results in loss of water. Because water is critical for photosynthetic reactions and other cellular processes, evolutionary pressures on plants in different environments have driven the acquisition of adaptations that reduce water loss.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 4, 2026

Simulating Impacts of Ice Storms on Forest Ecosystems

Simulating Impacts of Ice Storms on Forest Ecosystems

Published on: June 30, 2020

Human contribution to more-intense precipitation extremes.

Seung-Ki Min¹, Xuebin Zhang, Francis W Zwiers

¹Climate Research Division, Environment Canada, Toronto, Ontario M3H5T4, Canada. seung-ki.min@ec.gc.ca

|February 19, 2011

Summary

Human-induced greenhouse gas increases are linked to more intense heavy precipitation events across most of the Northern Hemisphere. Climate models may underestimate future heavy precipitation impacts due to warming.

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Area of Science:

Climate science
Extreme weather events analysis

Background:

Understanding past climate changes, particularly extreme weather events, is crucial for accurate future climate projections.
Increased atmospheric water content, consistent with rising global temperatures, suggests a potential link to heavy precipitation intensification.

Observation:

Analysis of heavy precipitation events over the latter half of the twentieth century was conducted.
Observed changes in extreme precipitation were compared with multi-model simulations using an optimal fingerprinting technique.

Findings:

Human-induced greenhouse gas emissions have demonstrably contributed to the intensification of heavy precipitation events.
This intensification has been observed across approximately two-thirds of the Northern Hemisphere land areas with available data.
Current climate models may underestimate the observed increase in heavy precipitation associated with global warming.

Implications:

The findings suggest that the impacts of future extreme precipitation events may be more severe than currently projected by climate models.
This research highlights the significant influence of anthropogenic factors on extreme weather patterns.
Improved climate models are needed to accurately predict the future behavior of heavy precipitation events and their societal impacts.