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Related Concept Videos

Tissue Transplantation01:24

Tissue Transplantation

Tissue transplantation is a significant medical procedure involving the transfer of cells, tissues, or organs from a donor to a recipient, with the primary aim of restoring lost functions. This procedure is crucial in treating a broad spectrum of diseases, including kidney diseases, liver failure, heart disease, and certain types of cancers.
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An inflammatory response is a localized, nonspecific immune reaction that occurs when a tissue is injured. It is characterized by redness, swelling, heat, and pain, which are commonly called the cardinal signs and symptoms of inflammation. Inflammation can sometimes result in a loss of function.
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Chronic inflammation is a prolonged, dysregulated immune response that persists for weeks to years when the inciting stimulus is difficult to eradicate or when self‑antigens drive ongoing reactivity. Morphologically, it is defined by mononuclear cell infiltration, progressive tissue destruction, and concurrent attempts at healing via angiogenesis and fibrosis. Compared with acute inflammation, edema is less prominent while cellular infiltration predominates; triggers include persistent...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 4, 2026

In Vitro and In Vivo Assessment of T, B and Myeloid Cells Suppressive Activity and Humoral Responses from Transplant Recipients
18:48

In Vitro and In Vivo Assessment of T, B and Myeloid Cells Suppressive Activity and Humoral Responses from Transplant Recipients

Published on: August 12, 2017

Inflammation and transplantation tolerance.

Daniel R Goldstein1

  • 1Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA. daniel.goldstein@yale.edu

Seminars in Immunopathology
|February 19, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The innate immune system, particularly Toll-like receptors (TLRs), significantly influences transplant tolerance. Innate immune responses and inflammatory cytokines can hinder the induction of transplant tolerance, impacting organ transplantation success.

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Transplantation immunology
  • Innate immunity

Background:

  • Transplant tolerance is crucial for long-term organ graft survival.
  • The role of the innate immune system in transplant tolerance is an emerging area of research.
  • Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are key components of the innate immune system.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the involvement of Toll-like receptors (TLRs) in transplant tolerance and rejection.
  • To discuss the impact of innate immune-induced inflammatory cytokines on transplant tolerance.
  • To highlight the potential for targeting innate immunity to improve transplant outcomes.

Main Methods:

  • Review of experimental models of acute allograft rejection and transplant tolerance.
  • Analysis of clinical studies in organ transplantation.
  • Examination of the role of innate immune receptors and inflammatory cytokines.

Main Results:

  • TLRs play a role in both transplant rejection and tolerance induction.
  • Inflammatory cytokines (IL-6, TNF-α, type I interferons) induced by innate immunity inhibit transplant tolerance.
  • Environmental factors like infections can activate innate immunity and prevent tolerance.

Conclusions:

  • The innate immune system, through TLRs and associated cytokines, presents a significant barrier to transplant tolerance.
  • Understanding the innate inflammatory basis of immune acceptance versus rejection is key to achieving transplant tolerance.
  • Targeting innate immune pathways may offer new strategies for enhancing organ transplantation success.