Diagnostic performance of urgent referrals for suspected gynaecological malignancies

The objective of this study was to investigate the outcome of the urgent referrals with suspected gynaecological malignancy.

Retrospective analysis of the data of the urgent referrals for suspected gynaecological cancers over a 12-month period at a gynaecological oncology cancer centre in the UK.

A total of 233 patients (70.61%) were referred with suspected endometrial pathology, 59 patients (17.88%) with suspected ovarian, 25 patients (7.58%) with suspected cervical and 13 patients (3.94%) with suspected vulval malignancy. The positive predictive value of referrals for diagnosing endometrial, ovarian, cervical and vulval malignancy was 11.6, 23.7, 12.0 and 15.4%, respectively. Amongst the indications for referral for suspected endometrial cancer, presence of postmenopausal vaginal bleeding had the higher odds for cancer (odds = 0.13; 95% CI 0.08-0.21). The odds for cancer for women referred with a pelvic mass was 0.17 (95% CI, 0.07-0.42) and for women referred with abdominal bloating was 0.66 (95% CI, 0.18-2.36). All the cases of malignancy were diagnosed in women referred with suspicious appearance of the cervix on clinical examination. The odds for cancer was 0.50 if the indication for referral was vulval itching. The majority of cases of gynaecological cancers during the study period were diagnosed following routine referrals.

The overall predictive value of two-week wait referrals for suspected gynaecological malignancies is low. Refinement of the current referral guidelines is required with particular emphasis in the premenopausal women where the diagnostic performance of the urgent referrals is significantly poorer.