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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 4, 2026

Lexical Decision Task for Studying Written Word Recognition in Adults with and without Dementia or Mild Cognitive Impairment
06:48

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Published on: June 25, 2019

Processing letters in words at different levels.

H H Marmurek1

  • 1Department of Psychology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada.

Memory & Cognition
|February 19, 2011
PubMed
Summary

This study found that letter matching is faster than word matching when presented simultaneously. However, word matching becomes faster than letter matching after a short delay, suggesting different processing levels for words and letters.

Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Psycholinguistics
  • Human Information Processing

Background:

  • Understanding word recognition is crucial for cognitive psychology.
  • Previous research suggests both visual and semantic processing contribute to word identification.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the temporal dynamics of letter versus word matching.
  • To explore the influence of stimulus similarity on processing speed.
  • To differentiate between physical and unit-based word processing models.

Main Methods:

  • Participants performed same/different judgments on letter pairs, word pairs, and letter-word pairs.
  • Stimuli were presented either simultaneously or with a 3-second interval.
  • Reaction times and accuracy were recorded.

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Main Results:

  • Simultaneous presentation: Letter targets matched faster than word targets.
  • Delayed presentation: Word targets matched faster than letter targets.
  • Physical similarity significantly impacted simultaneous matching more than delayed matching.

Conclusions:

  • Findings support a dual-level word processing model: initial physical-level letter comparison followed by higher-level unit-based word encoding.
  • Temporal factors and stimulus similarity reveal distinct stages in visual word recognition.