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Related Concept Videos

Obesity01:24

Obesity

The Body Mass Index (BMI) is a numerical value derived from a person's weight and height, used to categorize individuals into weight ranges. It is calculated using the formula: weight in kilograms divided by height in meters squared. Obesity is a health condition characterized by excessive accumulation of adipose tissue that poses health risks, often diagnosed with a BMI ≥ 30. This excess fat storage occurs when surplus dietary calories are converted into triglycerides and stored in adipocytes...
Hormonal Control of the Ovarian Cycle01:30

Hormonal Control of the Ovarian Cycle

The ovarian cycle is meticulously regulated by the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis. This cycle orchestrates the release of a mature oocyte, essential for reproduction.
Before puberty, the hypothalamus releases GnRH in a low frequency, low amplitude pulsatile manner. This along with the immature hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis activity, results in low estrogen levels and the absence of a fully functional ovarian cycle.  At puberty, GnRH secretion increases in both frequency and...
Oogenesis02:07

Oogenesis

In human women, oogenesis produces one mature egg cell or ovum for every precursor cell that enters meiosis. This process differs in two unique ways from the equivalent procedure of spermatogenesis in males. First, meiotic divisions during oogenesis are asymmetric, meaning that a large oocyte (containing most of the cytoplasm) and minor polar body are produced as a result of meiosis I, and again following meiosis II. Since only oocytes will go on to form embryos if fertilized, this unequal...
Hormonal Regulation of the Menstrual Cycle01:22

Hormonal Regulation of the Menstrual Cycle

The ovarian cycle regulates endometrial changes throughout a single menstrual cycle via the coordinated action of gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (GnRH) and gonadotrophins.
At puberty, GnRH begins a pulsatile release pattern, which triggers the anterior pituitary gland to secrete follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH). The frequency and amplitude of GnRH pulses vary across the menstrual cycle, with faster pulses favoring LH release and slower pulses favoring FSH release.
Chronic Pancreatitis II: Pathophysiology01:21

Chronic Pancreatitis II: Pathophysiology

Chronic pancreatitis is a progressive and irreversible inflammation of the pancreas, most often caused by long-term alcohol abuse, but it can also be related to ductal obstruction, smoking, or genetic factors.Chronic pancreatitis occurs when the pancreas is repeatedly exposed to harmful agents like alcohol, smoking, ductal obstruction, or genetic predisposition. These factors lead to the release of toxic metabolites and inflammatory cytokines, sustaining chronic inflammation in the pancreatic...
Cushing Syndrome II: Pathophysiology01:19

Cushing Syndrome II: Pathophysiology

Cortisol production is normally governed by the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis, which maintains hormonal balance through tightly regulated feedback mechanisms. Disruption of this regulatory system is central to the development of Cushing syndrome, whether the excess cortisol originates from external medications or internal pathology. Persistent cortisol elevation alters metabolism, immune function, and endocrine signaling, producing the characteristic clinical features of the...

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An Ex Vivo Model of Ovarian Cancer Peritoneal Metastasis Using Human Omentum
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Inflammatory pathways linking obesity and ovarian dysfunction.

Rebecca L Robker1, Linda L-Y Wu, Xing Yang

  • 1School of Paediatrics and Reproductive Health, Robinson Institute, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5005, Australia. rebecca.robker@adelaide.edu.au

Journal of Reproductive Immunology
|February 22, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Obesity negatively impacts ovarian cells, leading to oxidative and endoplasmic reticulum stress. This cellular dysfunction contributes to impaired ovulation and reduced oocyte quality in females.

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Area of Science:

  • Reproductive biology
  • Cellular and molecular biology
  • Obesity research

Background:

  • Obesity is linked to systemic inflammation, oxidative stress, and endoplasmic reticulum stress.
  • These cellular stressors are also observed in adipose tissue and non-adipose cells.
  • Obesity's impact on female reproductive health, specifically ovarian function, requires further investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent advances in obesity research.
  • To understand the impact of obesity on ovarian cells (granulosa, cumulus) and oocytes.
  • To elucidate the cellular mechanisms underlying obesity-related reproductive impairments.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of ovarian cells and fluids from obese women.
  • Studies in mice models of diet-induced obesity.
  • Investigation of cellular pathways involving mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum.

Main Results:

  • Obesity activates oxidative and endoplasmic reticulum stress pathways in ovarian cells.
  • Diet-induced obesity in mice alters mitochondrial and endoplasmic reticulum function.
  • These cellular changes provide insights into impaired ovulation and reduced oocyte potential.

Conclusions:

  • Obesity-induced cellular stress negatively affects ovarian function.
  • Understanding these mechanisms is crucial for addressing infertility in obese females.
  • Further research is needed to fully elucidate these complex pathways.