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Related Concept Videos

Skin Diseases and Disorders01:23

Skin Diseases and Disorders

Skin is the first line of defense and encounters a variety of microbes. Some pathogenic strains are often the cause of a broad range of infections of the skin and other body systems. These conditions can affect people of all ages and may have different causes, including genetic factors, infections, autoimmune reactions, environmental factors, and lifestyle choices.
Gram-positive Staphylococcus spp. and Streptococcus spp. are responsible for many of the most common skin infections. However, many...
Immune Response Against Viral Pathogens01:29

Immune Response Against Viral Pathogens

The immune system's response to viral infections is a complex and coordinated process involving natural killer (NK) cells, T cell-mediated responses, and antibody-mediated responses.
NK Cells
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Type I Diabetes II: Pathophysiology

Type 1 diabetes mellitus arises from an immune-mediated destruction of pancreatic β-cells, resulting in an absolute deficiency of insulin. This process develops in genetically susceptible individuals when autoimmunity, environmental exposures, and immunologic dysregulation converge to trigger a targeted attack on the insulin-producing cells of the pancreas. The β-cells are located within the islets of Langerhans and are essential for regulating blood glucose by facilitating cellular uptake of...
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Cell-mediated Immune Responses

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Immunodeficiency Diseases01:25

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Immunodeficiency disorders are conditions in which the immune system's ability to fight infectious disease and cancer is compromised or entirely absent. The immune system comprises a complex network of cells, tissues, and organs that work together to protect the body from potentially harmful invaders. When this system is deficient or not functioning properly, it leaves the body susceptible to infections, diseases, or other complications.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 4, 2026

Studying Chronic Exposure of Mice to Ultraviolet B Radiation
03:20

Studying Chronic Exposure of Mice to Ultraviolet B Radiation

Published on: August 19, 2025

Immunopathogenesis of vitiligo.

Manuel Sandoval-Cruz1, Mario García-Carrasco, Renán Sánchez-Porras

  • 1Department of Dermatology, HGR 36, IMSS, Puebla, Mexico.

Autoimmunity Reviews
|February 22, 2011
PubMed
Summary

Vitiligo, a skin depigmentation disorder, involves melanocyte destruction. Research suggests autoimmune processes, including T-cells and auto-antibodies, may damage melanocytes, but further investigation is needed to confirm autoimmunity as the primary cause.

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Direct Reprogramming of Mouse Fibroblasts into Melanocytes
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Direct Reprogramming of Mouse Fibroblasts into Melanocytes
09:38

Direct Reprogramming of Mouse Fibroblasts into Melanocytes

Published on: August 27, 2021

Area of Science:

  • Dermatology
  • Immunology
  • Pathophysiology

Background:

  • Vitiligo is a common skin depigmenting disorder with significant psychological and social impacts.
  • It is characterized by white macules resulting from melanocyte destruction in the epidermis.
  • Autoimmune processes are increasingly implicated in the pathogenesis of vitiligo.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the role of autoimmune processes in the development of vitiligo.
  • To investigate the contribution of cellular and humoral immunity to vitiligo pathogenesis.
  • To determine if autoimmunity is a primary cause or a consequence of vitiligo.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of peripheral blood samples from vitiligo patients.
  • Examination of skin biopsies from individuals with vitiligo.
  • Review of existing hypotheses and studies on vitiligo pathomechanisms.

Main Results:

  • Peripheral blood and skin biopsies indicate involvement of T-cells and mononuclear cells.
  • Pro-inflammatory cytokines and auto-antibodies have been observed in vitiligo patients.
  • These immune components show potential to damage melanocytes.

Conclusions:

  • Evidence suggests a significant role for autoimmune mechanisms in vitiligo.
  • Cellular and humoral immunity are implicated in melanocyte destruction.
  • Further research is essential to definitively establish autoimmunity as the primary driver versus a secondary consequence in vitiligo.