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Other Unique Bacteria

Other Unique Bacteria

Magnetic bacteria exhibit a directed movement called magnetotaxis, driven by structures called magnetosomes. These magnetosomes consist of chains of magnetic particles made of either magnetite (Fe₃O₄) or greigite (Fe₃S₄) and are organized in a linear conformation by a protein scaffold within invaginations of the cell membrane. The bacteria align along the north–south magnetic field lines, much like a compass needle. They are typically microaerophilic or anaerobic and are commonly found near the...

Nucleotide Excision Repair

Nucleotide Excision Repair

DNA Distortion and Damage
Cells are regularly exposed to mutagens—factors in the environment that can damage DNA and generate mutations. UV radiation is one of the most common mutagens and is estimated to introduce a significant number of changes in DNA. These include bends or kinks in the structure, which can block DNA replication or transcription. If these errors are not fixed, the damage can cause mutations, which in turn can result in cancer or disease depending on which sequences are...

Nucleotide Excision Repair

Nucleotide Excision Repair

Nucleotide Excision Repair

Nucleotide Excision Repair

Mutations

Mutations

Mutations are changes in the sequence of DNA. These changes can occur spontaneously or they can be induced by exposure to environmental factors. Mutations can be characterized in a number of different ways: whether and how they alter the amino acid sequence of the protein, whether they occur over a small or large area of DNA, and whether they occur in somatic cells or germline cells.
Chromosomal Alterations Are Large-Scale Mutations
While point mutations are changes in a single nucleotide in...

Mutations

Mutations

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 4, 2026

Measuring DNA Damage and Repair in Mouse Splenocytes After Chronic In Vivo Exposure to Very Low Doses of Beta- and Gamma-Radiation

Measuring DNA Damage and Repair in Mouse Splenocytes After Chronic In Vivo Exposure to Very Low Doses of Beta- and Gamma-Radiation

Published on: July 3, 2015

[Radiosensitivity, radiocurability and DNA repair].

¹Centre Alexis-Vautrin, 6, avenue de Bourgogne, 54511 Vandœuvre-lès-Nancy, France. guillaumevogin@gmail.com

Cancer Radiotherapie : Journal De La Societe Francaise De Radiotherapie Oncologique

|February 22, 2011

Summary

This review explores the molecular mechanisms underlying cellular radiosensitivity and DNA repair following ionizing radiation exposure. Understanding these processes is key to improving radiotherapy accuracy and tumor radiocurability.

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Last Updated: Jun 4, 2026

Measuring DNA Damage and Repair in Mouse Splenocytes After Chronic In Vivo Exposure to Very Low Doses of Beta- and Gamma-Radiation

Measuring DNA Damage and Repair in Mouse Splenocytes After Chronic In Vivo Exposure to Very Low Doses of Beta- and Gamma-Radiation

Published on: July 3, 2015

Immunofluorescence Imaging of DNA Damage and Repair Foci in Human Colon Cancer Cells

Immunofluorescence Imaging of DNA Damage and Repair Foci in Human Colon Cancer Cells

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Radiosensitivity of Cancer Stem Cells in Lung Cancer Cell Lines

Radiosensitivity of Cancer Stem Cells in Lung Cancer Cell Lines

Published on: August 21, 2019

Area of Science:

Molecular Radiobiology
Radiation Oncology

Context:

Modern radiotherapy achieves high precision in dose delivery and motion management.
Enhancing tumor radiocurability involves modulating biological effects of ionizing radiation.

Purpose:

To describe the integrated molecular response to ionizing radiation.
To introduce cellular radiosensitivity as a global cellular response.
To detail radio-induced DNA damage and repair pathways.

Summary:

Focuses on the cell nucleus, detailing complex, deleterious radio-induced damages.
Dissects molecular pathways for detecting and repairing radiation-induced lesions.
Explains the concept of cellular radiosensitivity as the overall irradiated cell response.

Impact:

Highlights diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic implications of integrating clinical and molecular radiobiology.
Aims to improve cancer treatment through a deeper understanding of radiation's biological effects.