Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jun 4, 2026
Early Weight-Bearing Rehabilitation Protocol After Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction
Published on: March 1, 2024
Knee rotational stability during pivoting movement is restored after anatomic double-bundle anterior cruciate
Mak-Ham Lam1, Daniel Tik-Pui Fong, Patrick Shu-Hang Yung
1Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Prince of Wales Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
Background:
The restoration of knee rotational stability after anatomic double-bundle anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction has been demonstrated in the cadaveric model and with passive stress tests on humans but not yet with dynamic functional biomechanical tests performed by human participants.
Purpose:
To prospectively investigate the range of tibial rotation of ACL-deficient and ACL-reconstructed knees during a pivoting task. The authors hypothesized that there would be a significant increase in tibial internal rotation in the ACL-deficient knee compared with the contralateral knee and that the increased rotation would return to normal after anatomic double-bundle ACL reconstruction.
Study Design:
Case series; Level of evidence, 4.
Methods:
Ten men with unilateral ACL injury performed a high-demand jump-landing and pivoting task before and after ACL reconstruction with mean follow-up of 11 months. The range of tibial rotation of the injured, reconstructed, and intact knees during the pivoting movement was measured by an optical motion analysis system. Paired t tests were performed to investigate any significant difference between the 2 limbs preoperatively and postoperatively and within the injured limb before and after the surgical treatment. Statistical significance was set at P < .05.
Results:
The range of tibial rotation was higher in the ACL-deficient knee (12.6° ± 4.5°) than in the intact knee (7.9° ± 3.1°) preoperatively (P < .05). The increased rotation was reduced in the reconstructed knee (8.9° ± 3.0°) after ACL reconstruction versus the intact knee postoperatively (8.2° ± 2.6°) (P < .05). There was no significant difference in the tibial rotation between the intact knee and the reconstructed knee postoperatively (P > .05).
Conclusion:
As assessed with a dynamic functional pivoting movement, the anatomic double-bundle ACL reconstruction successfully restores knee rotational stability from an impaired level.
