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Related Concept Videos

Source And Potency Of Stem Cells01:27

Source And Potency Of Stem Cells

Stem cells are undifferentiated cells with extensive self-renewal properties that help them maintain their population during the fetal and adult stages of life. They can specialize in all cell types of the human body. However, their differential potential may vary and can be classified into five types. Stem cells can be (1) Totipotent, (2) Pluripotent, (3) Multipotent, (4) Oligopotent, and (5) Unipotent. Each stem cell has a specific origin; the fertilized egg or zygote is a totipotent cell and...
Embryonic Stem Cells00:58

Embryonic Stem Cells

Embryonic stem (ES) cells are undifferentiated pluripotent cells, meaning they can produce any cell type in the body. This gives them tremendous potential in science and medicine since they can generate specific cell types for use in research or to replace body cells lost due to damage or disease.
Embryonic Stem Cells00:57

Embryonic Stem Cells

Embryonic stem (ES) cells were first discovered in mice in 1981 by Martin Evans. In 1998, James Thomson identified a method to isolate embryonic stem cells from humans. Human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) are obtained from 3-5 day old embryos that remain unused after an in vitro fertilization procedure.
ES cells are grown in a culture medium where they can divide indefinitely, creating ES cell lines. Under certain conditions, ES cells can differentiate, either spontaneously into a variety of...
Stem Cell Niche01:26

Stem Cell Niche

The stem cell niche is the dynamic microenvironment where stem cells reside. Inside these niches, the cells may remain undifferentiated, undergo high self-renewal, or become lineage-specific progenitors. Stem cells coexist with other niche cells, such as stromal cells. They also interact closely with the ECM. Cell-cell and cell-matrix communication occur via adhesion molecules or soluble factors that signal the stem cells and determine their fate. Stromal cells also provide survival signals to...
Distinctive Features of Adult Stem Cells vs Cancer Stem Cells01:18

Distinctive Features of Adult Stem Cells vs Cancer Stem Cells

A stem cell is an unspecialized cell that can divide without limit as needed and can, under specific conditions, differentiate into specialized cells.
Adult stem cells
Adult stem cells are tissue-specific; hence, they divide to develop the tissue from which they originate. One type of adult stem cell is the epithelial stem cell, which gives rise to the keratinocytes in the multiple layers of epithelial cells in the epidermis of the skin. Adult bone marrow has three distinct types of stem cells:...
Adult Stem Cells01:33

Adult Stem Cells

Stem cells are undifferentiated cells that divide and produce more stem cells or progenitor cells that differentiate into mature, specialized cell types. All the cells in the body are generated from stem cells in the early embryo, but small populations of stem cells are also present in many adult tissues including the bone marrow, brain, skin, and gut. These adult stem cells typically produce the various cell types found in that tissue—to replace cells that are damaged or to continuously renew...

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Enrichment and Purging of Human Embryonic Stem Cells by Detection of Cell Surface Antigens Using the Monoclonal Antibodies TG30 and GCTM-2
12:43

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Proteomics: a reality-check for putative stem cells.

Marianna Prokopi1, Manuel Mayr

  • 1King's British Heart Foundation Centre, King's College London, United Kingdom.

Circulation Research
|February 22, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Proteomics can improve stem cell therapy for cardiovascular repair by identifying issues in cell preparations. This approach highlights potential misinterpretations in endothelial progenitor cell (EPC) assays due to platelet contamination.

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Enrichment and Purging of Human Embryonic Stem Cells by Detection of Cell Surface Antigens Using the Monoclonal Antibodies TG30 and GCTM-2
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Area of Science:

  • Proteomics and Stem Cell Research
  • Cardiovascular Regenerative Medicine

Background:

  • Stem cell therapy shows promise for cardiovascular repair, but clinical trial failures necessitate better preclinical characterization.
  • Proteomic techniques offer advanced methods for analyzing cell preparations and understanding therapeutic outcomes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the application of proteomics in stem cell research for cardiovascular applications.
  • To address controversies and methodological concerns regarding endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) in cardiovascular research.

Main Methods:

  • Overview of proteomic technologies relevant to stem cell research.
  • Analysis of proteomics-led findings in early outgrowth EPCs.
  • Discussion of marker assignment and purity assessment in stem cell assays.

Main Results:

  • Proteomics reveals that markers for endothelial potential in EPCs may originate from platelet protein uptake.
  • Platelet microparticle transfer can confer endothelial characteristics, leading to assay misinterpretation.
  • Common stem cell assays may overlook platelet presence, affecting the interpretation of functional improvements attributed to EPCs.

Conclusions:

  • Proteomics provides critical insights into potential failure points in stem cell therapy for cardiovascular repair.
  • Methodological rigor, including counterstaining for platelet markers, is essential for accurate EPC characterization.
  • Addressing proteomic caveats can resolve inconsistencies in cardiovascular stem cell research and advance therapeutic translation.