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Related Concept Videos

Next-generation Sequencing03:00

Next-generation Sequencing

The first human genome sequencing project cost $2.7 billion and was declared complete in 2003, after 15 years of international cooperation and collaboration between several research teams and funding agencies. Today, with the advent of next-generation sequencing technologies, the cost and time of sequencing a human genome have dropped over 100 fold.
Next-Generation Sequencing Methods
Although all next-generation methods use different technologies, they all share a set of standard features.
Maxam-Gilbert Sequencing01:05

Maxam-Gilbert Sequencing

In the same year as the discovery of the Sanger sequencing method, another group of scientists, Allan Maxam and Walter Gilbert, demonstrated their chemical-cleavage method for DNA sequencing. The Maxam-Gilbert method relies on using different chemicals that can cleave the DNA sequence at specific sites, the separation of resulting DNA fragments of variable size using electrophoresis, and deciphering the DNA sequence from the resulting gel bands.
Challenges of the Maxam-Gilbert Method
The...
Genomics02:02

Genomics

Genomics is the science of genomes: it is the study of all the genetic material of an organism. In humans, the genome consists of information carried in 23 pairs of chromosomes in the nucleus, as well as mitochondrial DNA. In genomics, both coding and non-coding DNA is sequenced and analyzed. Genomics allows a better understanding of all living things, their evolution, and their diversity. It has a myriad of uses: for example, to build phylogenetic trees, to improve productivity and...
Sanger Sequencing01:57

Sanger Sequencing

DNA sequencing is a fundamental technique that is routinely used in the biological sciences. This method can be applied to a range of questions at different scales - from the sequencing of a cloned DNA fragment or the study of a mutation in a gene up to whole-genome sequencing. However, despite the widespread use of sequencing today, it was not until 1977 that Fredrick Sanger and his collaborators developed the chain-termination method to decode DNA sequences. It relies on the separation of a...
Multi-species Conserved Sequences02:51

Multi-species Conserved Sequences

Next-generation sequencing technologies have created large genomic databases of a variety of animals and plants. Ever since the human genome project was completed, scientists studied the genome of primates, mammals, and other phylogenetically distant living beings. Such large-scale  studies have provided new insights into the evolutionary relationship between organisms.
Although the genome of each species varies greatly from each other, a few sequences are highly conserved. Such conserved DNA...
Evolution of Microbial Genome01:08

Evolution of Microbial Genome

Microbial genome evolution is a highly dynamic process shaped by continual gene gain and loss across species and strains. This genomic flexibility allows microorganisms to adapt rapidly to environmental pressures and interactions with other organisms. Central to understanding this diversity is the distinction between the core and pan genomes.The core genome comprises the genes shared by all sampled strains of a species, representing essential functions needed for fundamental cellular processes.

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A Hybrid DNA Extraction Method for the Qualitative and Quantitative Assessment of Bacterial Communities from Poultry Production Samples
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Published on: December 10, 2014

Poultry genome sequences: progress and outstanding challenges.

J B Dodgson1, M E Delany, H H Cheng

  • 1Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824-4320, USA. dodgson@msu.edu

Cytogenetic and Genome Research
|February 22, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The chicken and turkey genomes reveal significant similarity, aiding poultry genetic research. These genome sequences enable advancements in breeding, diversity studies, and understanding genetic traits in domestic fowl.

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Area of Science:

  • Genomics
  • Comparative Genomics
  • Animal Agriculture

Background:

  • The first chicken genome sequence was established in 2004 using Sanger sequencing and BAC maps.
  • Subsequent efforts have improved the chicken genome assembly, focusing on challenging regions like microchromosomes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To detail the advancements in avian genome sequencing and assembly.
  • To highlight the comparative analysis between chicken and turkey genomes.
  • To outline the benefits of these genome sequences for poultry science and breeding.

Main Methods:

  • Whole genome shotgun Sanger sequencing for the initial chicken genome.
  • Next-generation sequencing techniques for the draft turkey genome.
  • BAC contig-based physical maps for sequence assembly and alignment.
  • Comparative sequence analysis between chicken and turkey genomes.

Main Results:

  • A draft turkey genome sequence was generated cost-effectively using next-generation sequencing.
  • Both Galliformes genomes exhibit high similarity despite 30-40 million years of divergence.
  • Assembly and alignment were facilitated by BAC maps and comparison to the chicken genome.

Conclusions:

  • The high similarity between chicken and turkey genomes offers valuable insights into avian evolution.
  • These genome sequences facilitate genetic studies, including identifying genetic correlates of phenotypic change and understanding poultry diversity.
  • Genome-wide marker-assisted selection can be enhanced using these genomic resources for commercial poultry stocks.