Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Hydrogen Bonds01:04

Hydrogen Bonds

A hydrogen bond is formed when a weakly positive hydrogen atom already bonded to one electronegative atom (for example, the oxygen in the water molecule) is attracted to another electronegative atom from another polar molecule, such as water (H2O), hydrogen fluoride (HF), or ammonia (NH3). The huge electronegativity difference between the H atom (2.1) and the atom to which it is bonded (4.0 for an F atom, 3.5 for an O atom, or 3.0 for an N atom), combined with the very small size of an H atom...
Hydrogen Bonds00:26

Hydrogen Bonds

Hydrogen BondsHydrogen bonds are weak attractions between atoms that have formed other chemical bonds. One of these atoms is electronegative, like oxygen, and has a partial negative charge. The other is a hydrogen atom that has bonded with another electronegative atom and has a partial positive charge.Hydrogen Bonds Control the World!Because hydrogen has very weak electronegativity when it binds with a strongly electronegative atom, such as oxygen or nitrogen, electrons in the bond are...
Hybridization of Atomic Orbitals II03:35

Hybridization of Atomic Orbitals II

sp3d and sp3d 2 Hybridization
Hybridization of Atomic Orbitals I03:24

Hybridization of Atomic Orbitals I

The mathematical expression known as the wave function, ψ, contains information about each orbital and the wavelike properties of electrons in an isolated atom. When atoms are bound together in a molecule, the wave functions combine to produce new mathematical descriptions that have different shapes. This process of combining the wave functions for atomic orbitals is called hybridization and is mathematically accomplished by the linear combination of atomic orbitals. The new orbitals that...
VSEPR Theory and the Effect of Lone Pairs04:01

VSEPR Theory and the Effect of Lone Pairs

Effect of Lone Pairs of Electrons on Molecule Geometry
VSEPR Theory02:37

VSEPR Theory

Valence shell electron-pair repulsion theory (VSEPR theory) enables us to predict the molecular structure around a central atom from an examination of the number of bonds and lone electron pairs in its Lewis structure. The VSEPR model assumes that electron pairs in the valence shell of a central atom will adopt an arrangement that minimizes repulsions between these electron pairs by maximizing the distance between them. The electrons in the valence shell of a central atom form either bonding...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Sequence-Dependent Folding of Recognition-Encoded Melamine Oligomers.

Journal of the American Chemical Society·2026
Same author

Getting on your last nerve: IFNs and resistance to infection.

Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950)·2026
Same author

A parasite partner for regulatory affairs.

Science immunology·2026
Same author

Spatial atlas of diabetic kidney disease reveals a B cell-rich subgroup.

Nature·2026
Same author

The role of integrins in T cell-mediated resistance to <i>Cryptosporidium parvum</i>.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2026
Same author

Negative cooperativity in the formation of two H-bonds with an oxygen H-bond acceptor.

Chemical science·2026
Same journal

Setting a direction for molecular motors.

Nature chemistry·2026
Same journal

Driving movement in the field of molecular machines.

Nature chemistry·2026
Same journal

First ladies of chemistry.

Nature chemistry·2026
Same journal

How isoprene connects plants to global climate.

Nature chemistry·2026
Same journal

One-dimensional carbon chains free of end-capping groups.

Nature chemistry·2026
Same journal

Covalency control of photomagnetic relaxation in a manganese(II) photoswitch.

Nature chemistry·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 4, 2026

Construction and Systematical Symmetric Studies of a Series of Supramolecular Clusters with Binary or Ternary Ammonium Triphenylacetates
06:35

Construction and Systematical Symmetric Studies of a Series of Supramolecular Clusters with Binary or Ternary Ammonium Triphenylacetates

Published on: February 15, 2016

An AAAA–DDDD quadruple hydrogen-bond array.

Barry A Blight1, Christopher A Hunter, David A Leigh

  • 1School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh, The King's Buildings, West Mains Road, Edinburgh EH9 3JJ, UK.

Nature Chemistry
|February 22, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers developed a novel AAAA–DDDD quadruple hydrogen-bonding array. This array demonstrates exceptionally strong binding for small molecules, significantly enhancing supramolecular complex stability.

More Related Videos

Self-assembly of Complex Two-dimensional Shapes from Single-stranded DNA Tiles
10:23

Self-assembly of Complex Two-dimensional Shapes from Single-stranded DNA Tiles

Published on: May 8, 2015

Stable DNA Motifs, 1D and 2D Nanostructures Constructed from Small Circular DNA Molecules
09:32

Stable DNA Motifs, 1D and 2D Nanostructures Constructed from Small Circular DNA Molecules

Published on: April 12, 2019

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 4, 2026

Construction and Systematical Symmetric Studies of a Series of Supramolecular Clusters with Binary or Ternary Ammonium Triphenylacetates
06:35

Construction and Systematical Symmetric Studies of a Series of Supramolecular Clusters with Binary or Ternary Ammonium Triphenylacetates

Published on: February 15, 2016

Self-assembly of Complex Two-dimensional Shapes from Single-stranded DNA Tiles
10:23

Self-assembly of Complex Two-dimensional Shapes from Single-stranded DNA Tiles

Published on: May 8, 2015

Stable DNA Motifs, 1D and 2D Nanostructures Constructed from Small Circular DNA Molecules
09:32

Stable DNA Motifs, 1D and 2D Nanostructures Constructed from Small Circular DNA Molecules

Published on: April 12, 2019

Area of Science:

  • Supramolecular Chemistry
  • Chemical Physics
  • Organic Chemistry

Background:

  • Secondary electrostatic interactions between adjacent hydrogen bonds influence supramolecular complex stability.
  • Maximizing binding strength theoretically involves separating hydrogen-bond donors (D) and acceptors (A) onto different molecular components.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To design and characterize a novel AAAA–DDDD quadruple hydrogen-bonding array.
  • To investigate the binding strength and stability of supramolecular complexes formed by this array.
  • To explore the influence of solvent polarity on the binding affinity.

Main Methods:

  • Synthesis of a readily accessible AAAA–DDDD quadruple hydrogen-bonding array.
  • Determination of association constants (K(a)) using titration methods.
  • Calculation of binding free energy (ΔG) from association constants.
  • Evaluation of binding in various solvents, including dichloromethane, acetonitrile, and DMSO/chloroform mixtures.

Main Results:

  • The AAAA–DDDD array exhibits exceptionally strong binding for a small-molecule complex.
  • Observed association constants include K(a) > 3 × 10(12) M(-1) in CH2Cl2, 1.5 × 10(6) M(-1) in CH3CN, and 3.4 × 10(5) M(-1) in 10% v/v DMSO/CHCl3.
  • The binding free energy in CH2Cl2 exceeds –71 kJ mol(-1), surpassing 20% of a carbon–carbon covalent bond's stability.

Conclusions:

  • The AAAA–DDDD quadruple hydrogen-bonding array represents a significant advancement in supramolecular chemistry.
  • This system achieves remarkable binding strength through precisely arranged hydrogen bonds.
  • The findings provide a new strategy for designing highly stable supramolecular assemblies.