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Related Concept Videos

Colloidal precipitates01:09

Colloidal precipitates

The high insolubility of some precipitates can result in an unfavorable relative supersaturation. This can lead to colloidal particles with a large surface-to-mass ratio, where adsorption is promoted. For instance, in the precipitation of silver chloride, silver ions are adsorbed on the surface of the colloidal particles, forming a primary layer. This layer attracts ions of opposite charge (such as nitrate ions), forming a diffuse secondary layer of adsorbed ions. This electric double layer...
Entropy and Solvation02:05

Entropy and Solvation

The process of surrounding a solute with solvent is called solvation. It involves evenly distributing the solute within the solvent. The rule of thumb for determining a solvent for a given compound is that like dissolves like. A good solvent has molecular characteristics similar to those of the compound to be dissolved. For example, polar solutions dissolve polar solutes, and apolar solvents dissolve apolar solutes. A polar solvent is a solvent that has a high dielectric constant (ϵ ≥ 15); an...
Distillation: Vapor–Liquid Equilibria01:01

Distillation: Vapor–Liquid Equilibria

Distillation is a separation technique that takes advantage of the boiling point properties of disparate elements in a mixture. To perform distillation, we begin by heating a miscible mixture of two liquids with a significant difference in boiling points (at least 20°C). As the solution heats up and reaches the bubble point of the more volatile component, some molecules of the more volatile component transition into the gas phase and travel upward into the condenser, which is a glass tube with...
Intermolecular Forces03:13

Intermolecular Forces

Atoms and molecules interact through bonds (or forces): intramolecular and intermolecular. The forces are electrostatic as they arise from interactions (attractive or repulsive) between charged species (permanent, partial, or temporary charges) and exist with varying strengths between ions, polar, nonpolar, and neutral molecules. The different types of intermolecular forces are ion–dipole, dipole–dipole, hydrogen bonds, and dispersion; among these, dipole–dipole, hydrogen bonds, and dispersion...
Intermolecular Forces03:13

Intermolecular Forces

Atoms and molecules interact through bonds (or forces): intramolecular and intermolecular. The forces are electrostatic as they arise from interactions (attractive or repulsive) between charged species (permanent, partial, or temporary charges) and exist with varying strengths between ions, polar, nonpolar, and neutral molecules. The different types of intermolecular forces are ion–dipole, dipole–dipole, hydrogen bonds, and dispersion; among these, dipole–dipole, hydrogen bonds, and dispersion...
Phase Transitions: Vaporization and Condensation02:39

Phase Transitions: Vaporization and Condensation

The physical form of a substance changes on changing its temperature. For example, raising the temperature of a liquid causes the liquid to vaporize (convert into vapor). The process is called vaporization—a surface phenomenon. Vaporization occurs when the thermal motion of the molecules overcome the intermolecular forces, and the molecules (at the surface) escape into the gaseous state. When a liquid vaporizes in a closed container, gas molecules cannot escape. As these gas phase molecules...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 4, 2026

Measurement of the Rheology of Crude Oil in Equilibrium with CO2 at Reservoir Conditions
10:38

Measurement of the Rheology of Crude Oil in Equilibrium with CO2 at Reservoir Conditions

Published on: June 6, 2017

Emulsion inversion induced by CO2.

Jianling Zhang1, Buxing Han, Yueju Zhao

  • 1Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface and Thermodynamics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, PR China. zhangjl@iccas.ac.cn

Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics : PCCP
|February 22, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Carbon dioxide (CO2) can controllably switch emulsion types, offering a reversible method for creating water-in-oil (W/O) nanoemulsions. This gas-triggered approach eliminates separation steps and allows for CO2 recycling.

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10:38

Measurement of the Rheology of Crude Oil in Equilibrium with CO2 at Reservoir Conditions

Published on: June 6, 2017

Fabricating High-viscosity Droplets using Microfluidic Capillary Device with Phase-inversion Co-flow Structure
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Achieving Moderate Pressures in Sealed Vessels Using Dry Ice As a Solid CO2 Source
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Achieving Moderate Pressures in Sealed Vessels Using Dry Ice As a Solid CO2 Source

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Area of Science:

  • Colloid and surface science
  • Materials science
  • Chemical engineering

Background:

  • Emulsion inversion is crucial for various applications, but traditional methods often require complex separation processes.
  • Developing stimuli-responsive systems for controlled emulsion morphology is an active area of research.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the use of carbon dioxide (CO2) as a trigger for oil-in-water (O/W) to water-in-oil (W/O) emulsion inversion.
  • To explore the reversibility and advantages of gas-induced emulsion switching.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing carbon dioxide (CO2) gas under varying pressures to induce emulsion phase transitions.
  • Characterizing the resulting emulsion morphologies, specifically focusing on W/O/W nanoemulsions.
  • Testing other lipophilic gases like ethylene, propylene, and isobutane for similar effects.

Main Results:

  • CO2 successfully triggered O/W to W/O emulsion inversion via a W/O/W nanoemulsion intermediate.
  • Emulsion morphology was reversibly switched by controlling CO2 pressure.
  • CO2 was easily removed by depressurization, enabling recycling and avoiding extra separation.
  • Ethylene, propylene, and isobutane also induced O/W to W/O emulsion inversion.

Conclusions:

  • Gas-induced emulsion inversion offers a novel, controllable, and efficient method for manipulating emulsion phases.
  • The reversibility and ease of gas removal present significant advantages over conventional additives.
  • The findings suggest a broader applicability of lipophilic gases in controlling emulsion systems.