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Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay

Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay

In 1971, Peter Perlman and Eva Engvall developed an Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA or EIA). ELISA differs from western blot in that the assays are conducted in microtiter plates or in vivo rather than on an absorbent membrane.
There are many different types of ELISAs, but they all involve an antibody molecule whose constant region binds an enzyme, leaving the variable region free to bind its specific antigen. Enzyme-substrate reaction allows the antigen to be visualized or quantified.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 4, 2026

Simultaneous Detection of Different Antibody Classes in a Multiplexed Serological Test

Simultaneous Detection of Different Antibody Classes in a Multiplexed Serological Test

Published on: July 14, 2023

Serological characterization.

B Kuipers¹, G van den Dobbelsteen, E Wedege

¹Laboratory of Vaccine Research, National Institute of Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, The Netherlands, Oslo, Norway.

Methods in Molecular Medicine

|February 22, 2011

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

This study details four immunoassays for Neisseria meningitidis serological characterization, aiding epidemiological studies and vaccine development. These methods help identify key antigens like outer-membrane proteins and lipopolysaccharides for improved classification.

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Area of Science:

Microbiology and Immunology
Vaccine Development
Epidemiological Studies

Background:

Immunoassays are crucial for detecting and quantifying antigens and antibodies.
Serological characterization of Neisseria meningitidis antigens is vital for epidemiology and vaccine research.
Current typing schemes rely on outer-membrane proteins (OMP) and lipopolysaccharides (LPS) for classification.

Purpose of the Study:

To describe four immunoassays for Neisseria meningitidis serological characterization.
To highlight the value of serological characterization in epidemiological studies and vaccine development.
To refine the serological classification system using monoclonal antibodies.

Main Methods:

Whole-cell enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA)
Dot blot
Colony blot
Immunoblot

Main Results:

Established four immunoassays for Neisseria meningitidis serological characterization.
Demonstrated the utility of these methods for epidemiological studies.
Provided a framework for identifying immunologically important antigens for vaccine development.
Detailed the classification system based on serogroup, serotype, serosubtype, and immunotype.

Conclusions:

The described immunoassays are valuable tools for Neisseria meningitidis serological characterization.
Accurate serological typing is essential for both understanding disease epidemiology and advancing vaccine design.
Further refinement of classification systems using monoclonal antibodies enhances specificity.