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Related Concept Videos

Methods of Sterilization II: Chemical Methods01:30

Methods of Sterilization II: Chemical Methods

In healthcare, the chemical method of sterilization uses chemical sterilants to treat surgical instruments and medical supplies to help prevent the transmission of infectious pathogens to patients. Due to heat sensitivity, most medical supplies and equipment should not be exposed to high temperatures. These parts include rubber, plastic, glass, and other similar elements.
Using chemical sterilization rather than heat to clean out equipment is recommended. It eradicates and removes all bacteria,...
Methods of Sterilization I: Physical Methods01:29

Methods of Sterilization I: Physical Methods

As used in a healthcare facility, sterilization destroys all microorganisms through physical or chemical methods. The physical method includes steam, dry heat, boiling water, and radiation.
Steam sterilization uses non-toxic, low-cost moist heat in the form of saturated steam under pressure, which is fast, microbicidal, and sporicidal, and quickly warms and penetrates fabrics. Autoclaves, or steam sterilizers, expose each item to direct steam contact for a predetermined time at the necessary...
Physical Methods for Controlling Microbial Growth: Radiation and Filtration01:26

Physical Methods for Controlling Microbial Growth: Radiation and Filtration

Radiation and filtration are essential tools for microbial control, targeting microorganisms through distinct mechanisms. Radiation eliminates microbes by damaging their DNA, either killing them or inhibiting their growth. Based on wavelength, radiation is classified into two types: nonionizing and ionizing radiation.Non-ionizing radiation, such as UV radiation (200–400 nm), is absorbed by DNA, causing defects that effectively disinfect surfaces, air, and water, including safety cabinets.
Cycloaddition Reactions: MO Requirements for Photochemical Activation01:12

Cycloaddition Reactions: MO Requirements for Photochemical Activation

Some cycloaddition reactions are activated by heat, while others are initiated by light. For example, a [2 + 2] cycloaddition between two ethylene molecules occurs only in the presence of light. It is photochemically allowed but thermally forbidden.
Cleaning, Sterilization, and Disinfection01:30

Cleaning, Sterilization, and Disinfection

Cleaning, disinfection, and sterilization are the methods that help to break the infection chain and prevent disease.
Cleaning
The cleaning process usually involves using water with detergents or enzymatic cleaner and removing foreign material from objects and surfaces, including organic material such as body fluids or inorganic material like soil. Cleaning is performed before high-level disinfection and sterilization because foreign materials on the cover of the devices interfere with process...
Physical Methods for Controlling Microbial Growth: Temperature01:23

Physical Methods for Controlling Microbial Growth: Temperature

Heat is a widely used method to control microbial growth by targeting and denaturing cellular proteins, thereby killing or inactivating microbes. This method's effectiveness is quantified using parameters such as the thermal death point (TDP), thermal death time (TDT), and decimal reduction time (D value). TDP represents the lowest temperature at which all microorganisms in a liquid suspension are eliminated within 10 minutes, whereas TDT is the time necessary to achieve sterilization at a...

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Low-Dose Gamma Radiation Sterilization for Decellularized Tracheal Grafts
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[Compatibilities and incompatibilities between gamma rays and ethylene oxide as consecutive sterilization methods].

Rafael Queiroz de Souza1, Kazuko Uchikawa Graziano

  • 1Enfermagem na Saúde do Adulto da Escola de Enfermagem da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brasil. rafaelqsouza@usp.br

Revista Da Escola De Enfermagem Da U S P
|February 23, 2011
PubMed
Summary

Re-sterilizing gamma-irradiated (GR) polyvinyl chloride (PVC) with ethylene oxide (EO) remains uncertain. Current studies show mixed results, highlighting the need for advanced analytical methods to confirm safety for medical devices.

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Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Materials Science
  • Sterilization Science

Context:

  • Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) is widely used in medical devices.
  • Gamma radiation (GR) and ethylene oxide (EO) are common sterilization methods.
  • The sequential use of GR followed by EO for PVC sterilization raises safety concerns.

Purpose:

  • To systematically review existing literature on the compatibility of sequential GR and EO sterilization for PVC.
  • To analyze studies investigating potential incompatibilities or adverse effects.
  • To identify gaps in current research and recommend future directions.

Summary:

  • A systematic literature review analyzed seven studies on sequential GR and EO sterilization of PVC.
  • Findings indicate multifactorial influences on the safety of this sterilization combination.
  • Chromatographic methods yielded controversial results, suggesting limitations in detecting potential issues.

Impact:

  • The study underscores the persistent doubt surrounding the re-sterilization of GR-treated PVC with EO.
  • It highlights the need for more sensitive analytical techniques, such as biological reactivity tests, beyond gas chromatography.
  • Further research is crucial to definitively establish the safety and adequacy of this sterilization protocol for medical applications.