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Related Concept Videos

Confirmation Biases01:31

Confirmation Biases

The confirmation bias is the tendency to focus on information that confirms our existing beliefs and ignore information that is inconsistent with our expectations. For example, if you think that your professor is not very nice, you notice all of the instances of rude behavior exhibited by the professor while ignoring the countless pleasant interactions he is involved in on a daily basis. Have you ever fallen prey to the confirmation bias, either as the source or target of such bias?
Cause and Effect01:53

Cause and Effect

While variables are sometimes correlated because one does cause the other, it could also be that some other factor, a confounding variable, is actually causing the systematic movement in our variables of interest. For instance, as sales in ice cream increase, so does the overall rate of crime. Is it possible that indulging in your favorite flavor of ice cream could send you on a crime spree? Or, after committing crime do you think you might decide to treat yourself to a cone?
Social Loafing01:37

Social Loafing

Another way in which a group presence can affect performance is social loafing—the exertion of less effort by a person working together with a group. Social loafing occurs when our individual performance cannot be evaluated separately from the group. Thus, group performance declines on easy tasks (Karau & Williams, 1993). Essentially individual group members loaf and let other group members pick up the slack. Because each individual’s efforts cannot be evaluated, individuals become less...
Halo Effect01:27

Halo Effect

The halo effect is a cognitive bias in which an individual's overall impression influences judgments about their specific traits. This psychological phenomenon leads people to associate positive characteristics with those they perceive as generally good and negative characteristics with those they view as bad. This effect is particularly influential in social perception, professional evaluations, and decision-making processes.The Psychological Basis of the Halo EffectThe halo effect is rooted...
Statistical Significance01:37

Statistical Significance

Once data is collected from both the experimental and the control groups, a statistical analysis is conducted to find out if there are meaningful differences between the two groups. A statistical analysis determines how likely any difference found is due to chance (and thus not meaningful). In psychology, group differences are considered meaningful, or significant, if the odds that these differences occurred by chance alone are 5 percent or less. Stated another way, if we repeated this...
Framing Effects03:26

Framing Effects

Information is everywhere and its presentation—such as how and when items are presented—can impact our perceptions and decisions surrounding the info. This broad concept umbrellas framing effects—influences that occur due to the way information is framed in its appearance, whether it’s purely the order or the specific wording of a message. Let’s take a look at numerous ways in which two versions of something can objectively say the same thing, yet we respond in different ways based on the...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 4, 2026

The Joint Effect of Social Comparison and Social Distance on Evaluation of Intertemporal Choice Outcomes in Event-related Potential Studies
08:24

The Joint Effect of Social Comparison and Social Distance on Evaluation of Intertemporal Choice Outcomes in Event-related Potential Studies

Published on: August 25, 2023

The 'check effect' reconsidered.

Marc I Rosen1

  • 1Department of Psychiatry, VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT 06516, USA. marc.rosen@yale.edu

Addiction (Abingdon, England)
|February 23, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Disability payments influence the timing of substance use, but not overall use. Money management interventions, including representative payees, can help reduce substance misuse with disability benefits.

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Area of Science:

  • Social Science
  • Public Health
  • Economics

Background:

  • The 'check effect' describes using disability payments for illicit drugs/alcohol.
  • Research explores the link between disability payments, overall substance use, and policy interventions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To examine the 'check effect' and its relation to overall substance use.
  • To review potential policy responses for misuse of disability payments for substances.

Main Methods:

  • Review and synthesis of published research papers.

Main Results:

  • Substance use often increases at the start of the month, influenced by wealth and reward discounting.
  • Disability payment recipients showed no greater overall substance use than non-recipients in observational studies.
  • Financial counseling and integrated representative payee programs show promise in reducing substance misuse.

Conclusions:

  • Disability payments affect substance use timing but not overall consumption compared to poverty.
  • Money management interventions, potentially with representative payees, can mitigate substance purchases using disability funds.