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Genetic vulnerability and susceptibility to substance dependence
1Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA. laura@wustl.edu
Neuron
|February 23, 2011
Summary
Genetic factors significantly influence substance dependence, particularly the transition from regular use to addiction. Understanding these genetic underpinnings is crucial for developing effective treatments for substance use disorders.
Area of Science:
- Neuroscience
- Genetics
- Psychiatry
Background:
- Substance dependence develops through stages: initiation, experimental use, established use, and finally, dependence.
- Twin studies consistently reveal a substantial genetic influence on the progression of substance use disorders.
- Research has been most effective in identifying genetic factors related to the transition from regular substance use to dependence.
Purpose of the Study:
- To summarize the current understanding of the genetic contributions to substance dependence.
- To highlight the progress made in identifying genetic factors for nicotine and alcohol dependence.
- To acknowledge the genetic component in illicit drug use and the complexity of substance dependence as a pharmacogenetic illness.
Main Methods:
- Review of large twin studies on substance dependence.
- Analysis of genetic studies focusing on transitions in substance use.
- Examination of cohort samples for nicotine and alcohol dependence.
Main Results:
- Significant genetic contributions are evident across all stages of substance dependence.
- Genetic factors are well-identified for the progression to nicotine and alcohol dependence.
- While less replicated, a strong genetic component is also present for illicit drug use.
Conclusions:
- Substance dependence is a complex pharmacogenetic illness.
- Hundreds to thousands of genetic variants are likely involved in the genetic etiology of substance dependence.
- Further research is needed to fully elucidate the genetic architecture of substance dependence.
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