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Related Concept Videos

Kohlberg's Theory of Moral Development01:19

Kohlberg's Theory of Moral Development

Kohlberg's theory of moral development uses the Heinz dilemma — a thought experiment in which a man, Heinz, must decide whether to steal an unaffordable drug to save his dying wife — to illustrate the evolution of moral reasoning. This framework, divided into three levels with two stages, highlights how individuals' understanding of right and wrong becomes increasingly complex.
Pre-Conventional Level
At the pre-conventional level, morality is primarily driven by personal consequences. In Stage...
Regression Toward the Mean01:52

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Regression toward the mean (“RTM”) is a phenomenon in which extremely high or low values—for example, and individual’s blood pressure at a particular moment—appear closer to a group’s average upon remeasuring. Although this statistical peculiarity is the result of random error and chance, it has been problematic across various medical, scientific, financial and psychological applications. In particular, RTM, if not taken into account, can interfere when researchers try to extrapolate results...
Revisionist Views of Adolescent and Adult Cognition01:24

Revisionist Views of Adolescent and Adult Cognition

A revisionist approach to Jean Piaget's theory of cognitive development has brought new insights that challenge and reinterpret his established ideas. Piaget proposed that the formal operational stage, emerging in adolescence, represents the culmination of cognitive maturity. During this stage, individuals are said to develop abstract thinking, engage in systematic problem-solving, and show a form of egocentrism, believing others are as preoccupied with their behavior as they are themselves.
Self-Evaluation: Self-Enhancement and Self-Verification03:00

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Social psychologists have documented that feeling good about ourselves and maintaining positive self-esteem is a powerful motivator of human behavior (Tavris & Aronson, 2008). In the United States, members of the predominant culture typically think very highly of themselves and view themselves as good people who are above average on many desirable traits (Ehrlinger, Gilovich, & Ross, 2005). Often, our behavior, attitudes, and beliefs are affected when we experience a threat to our...
Behavior Modification01:21

Behavior Modification

Behavioral approaches have often been criticized for ignoring mental processes and focusing solely on observable behavior. However, these approaches provide an optimistic perspective for individuals seeking to change their behaviors. Rather than concentrating on intrinsic personality traits, behavioral approaches suggest that even longstanding habits can be modified by changing the reward contingencies that maintain them.
A real-world application of operant conditioning principles is applied...
Milgram's Obedience to Authority02:20

Milgram's Obedience to Authority

Obedience to authority is classically demonstrated in a more famous series of social psychology experiments performed by Stanley Milgram. He was a social psychology professor at Yale who was influenced by the trial of Adolf Eichmann, a Nazi war criminal. Eichmann’s defense for the atrocities he committed was that he was “just following orders.”

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Moral Development and Recidivism: A Meta-Analysis.

Eveline Van Vugt1, John Gibbs, Geert Jan Stams

  • 1University of Amsterdam.

International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology
|February 23, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Higher moral development in offenders is linked to lower rates of reoffending. This inverse relationship was confirmed across multiple studies, highlighting moral cognition

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Area of Science:

  • Forensic Psychology
  • Developmental Psychology
  • Criminology

Background:

  • Recidivism remains a significant challenge in criminal justice systems.
  • Understanding factors that influence reoffending is crucial for effective rehabilitation.
  • Moral development is hypothesized to play a role in desistance from crime.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To systematically evaluate the relationship between moral development and recidivism.
  • To identify moderators influencing the strength of this relationship.

Main Methods:

  • A meta-analysis was conducted on 19 studies, encompassing 15,992 offenders.
  • Effect sizes were calculated for the association between moral development and recidivism.
  • Moderator analyses examined variables such as type of moral measure and offender demographics.

Main Results:

  • A significant inverse relationship was found between moral development and recidivism (r = .20).
  • Moral cognition showed a stronger association with recidivism than moral emotion.
  • Production measures of moral development yielded larger effect sizes than recognition or judgment measures.
  • Female delinquents exhibited a stronger inverse relationship than male delinquents.
  • Self-report measures of recidivism indicated a stronger effect than official records.

Conclusions:

  • Enhanced moral development is a significant protective factor against recidivism.
  • The findings have implications for developing targeted interventions to improve moral reasoning in offenders.
  • Future research should explore the mechanisms through which moral development influences desistance.