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Related Concept Videos

Inflammatory Response01:28

Inflammatory Response

An inflammatory response is a localized, nonspecific immune reaction that occurs when a tissue is injured. It is characterized by redness, swelling, heat, and pain, which are commonly called the cardinal signs and symptoms of inflammation. Inflammation can sometimes result in a loss of function.
Inflammation can be triggered by various stimuli, such as impact, abrasion, chemical irritation, infections, and extreme hot or cold temperatures. These can damage cells and connective tissue fibers,...
The JAK-STAT Signaling Pathway01:20

The JAK-STAT Signaling Pathway

Several cytokine receptors have tightly bound Janus kinase or JAK proteins attached at their cytosolic tail. Small signaling molecules such as cytokines, growth hormones, or prolactins bind to the cytokine receptors and initiate their dimerization. The dimerization brings the cytosolic JAKs together that trans-phosphorylate and activates each other. The activated JAKs now phosphorylate cytosolic tails of the cytokine receptors, which serve as binding sites for adaptor proteins such as  SH2...
NF-κB-dependent Signaling Pathway02:26

NF-κB-dependent Signaling Pathway

The transcription factor NF-κB was discovered in 1986 in the lab of Nobel laureate Professor David Baltimore, for its interaction with the immunoglobulin light chain enhancer in B-cells. After more than three decades of study, it is now evident that NF-κB regulates the expression of over 100 genes. Most of these genes play an essential role in the innate and adaptive immune responses as well as the inflammatory responses of animals.
NF-κB-dependent Signaling Mechanism
The heterodimer of NF-κB...
NF-kB-dependent Signaling Pathway02:26

NF-kB-dependent Signaling Pathway

The transcription factor NF-κB was discovered in 1986 in the lab of Nobel laureate Professor David Baltimore, for its interaction with the immunoglobulin light chain enhancer in B-cells. After more than three decades of study, it is now evident that NF-κB regulates the expression of over 100 genes. Most of these genes play an essential role in the innate and adaptive immune responses as well as the inflammatory responses of animals.
NF-κB-dependent Signaling Mechanism
The heterodimer of NF-κB...
The Extrinsic Apoptotic Pathway01:17

The Extrinsic Apoptotic Pathway

The extrinsic apoptotic pathway is initiated when extracellular death-inducing signals, such as specific cytokines, activate the death receptors expressed on the cell surface. The immune cells involved in this pathway are natural killer cells (NK cells) and cytotoxic T-lymphocytes. NK cells are critical in innate immune response, while cytotoxic T-lymphocytes are associated with adaptive immune response. These cells recognize specific receptors expressed on the altered cells and activate...
TGF - β Signaling Pathway01:16

TGF - β Signaling Pathway

The TGF-β signaling pathway regulates cell growth, differentiation, adhesion, motility, and development. TGF-β ligands that induce TGF-β signaling are synthesized in their latent form. Several proteases or cell surface receptors such as integrins act upon the latent form, releasing the active ligand. There are three types of mammalian TGF-βs: (TGF-β1, TGF-β2, and TGF-β3) that bind as homodimers or heterodimers to TGF-β receptors. The TGF-β receptors are of three kinds RI, RII, and RIII. The RI...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 4, 2026

Screening Assays to Characterize Novel Endothelial Regulators Involved in the Inflammatory Response
12:50

Screening Assays to Characterize Novel Endothelial Regulators Involved in the Inflammatory Response

Published on: September 15, 2017

Targeting inflammation by modulating the Jun/AP-1 pathway.

Helia B Schonthaler1, Juan Guinea-Viniegra, Erwin F Wagner

  • 1Cancer Cell Biology Programme, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO), E-28029 Madrid, Spain.

Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases
|February 23, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Jun/AP-1 proteins are crucial regulators of skin inflammation. Their absence in mice leads to inflammatory diseases resembling psoriasis and lupus, highlighting their therapeutic potential.

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 4, 2026

Screening Assays to Characterize Novel Endothelial Regulators Involved in the Inflammatory Response
12:50

Screening Assays to Characterize Novel Endothelial Regulators Involved in the Inflammatory Response

Published on: September 15, 2017

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Dermatology
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Inflammation is a key immune response to injury or infection, involving immune cell recruitment and activation.
  • Cytokines and chemokines, regulated by transcription factors like AP-1, control immune cell behavior.
  • Jun/AP-1 proteins play a significant role in regulating inflammatory processes within the skin.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To summarize the evidence linking Jun/AP-1 proteins to the control of skin inflammation.
  • To explore the consequences of Jun/AP-1 loss in epidermal cells using genetic mouse models.
  • To identify potential therapeutic targets for inflammatory skin diseases.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized genetic mouse models with altered Jun/AP-1 expression in epidermal cells.
  • Analyzed cytokine expression at transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels.
  • Investigated the roles of specific cytokines (e.g., TNF-α) and pathways (e.g., TIMP-3/TACE) in disease development.

Main Results:

  • Loss of Jun/AP-1 in epidermal cells dysregulates cytokine expression, leading to inflammatory conditions.
  • Absence of JunB causes multiorgan disease with elevated G-CSF and IL-6.
  • Deletion of JunB and c-Jun results in perinatal death or a psoriasis-like disease involving TNF-α and the TIMP-3/TACE pathway.

Conclusions:

  • Jun/AP-1 proteins are essential for controlling cytokine expression and preventing inflammatory skin diseases.
  • Dysregulation of Jun/AP-1 in the epidermis can lead to conditions resembling psoriasis and systemic lupus erythematosus.
  • Targeting Jun/AP-1 pathways offers promising therapeutic avenues for inflammatory skin diseases.