Arteriovenous malformations and intraoperative indocyanine green videoangiography: preliminary experience

We report our preliminary clinical experience with microscope-integrated intraoperative indocyanine green (ICG) videoangiography in the treatment of arteriovenous malformations (AVMs). Nine patients underwent surgical procedures for AVMs. All patients had preoperative and early postoperative digital subtraction angiography (DSA). In all the procedures, ICG was injected intravenously during AVM occlusion and the removal of the nidus were directly analized into the microscope-integrated video, and they were compared with early postoperative angiography images. A total of 16 intraoperative ICG angiographies were performed. In all the patients the image quality was excellent, allowing intraoperative real-time evaluation of the completeness of the removal of the nidus. ICG videoangiography is easily performed during surgery for AVM and can confirm the completeness of the removal and may detect residual nidus, thus improving outcomes.