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Related Concept Videos

The Scientific Method01:32

The Scientific Method

The scientific method is a detailed, empirical problem-solving process used by biologists and other scientists. This iterative approach involves formulating a question based on observation, developing a testable potential explanation for the observation (called a hypothesis), making and testing predictions based on the hypothesis, and using the findings to create new hypotheses and predictions.Generally, predictions are tested using carefully-designed experiments. Based on the outcome of these...
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The Scientific Method

Chemistry is an empirical science. Scientists often pose questions to understand the chemistry in everyday life and seek answers to these questions. To achieve this, scientists follow a definitive series of steps that together make up the Scientific Method. This approach involves making observations, asking questions, building a hypothesis, conducting experiments, analyzing results, and forming a conclusion.
The Scientific Method02:40

The Scientific Method

Research is what makes the difference between facts and opinions. Facts are observable realities, and opinions are personal judgments, conclusions, or attitudes that may or may not be accurate. In the scientific community, facts can be established only using evidence collected through empirical research.
Threats to Biodiversity01:50

Threats to Biodiversity

There have been five major extinction events throughout geological history, resulting in the elimination of biodiversity, followed by a rebound of species that adapted to the new conditions. In the current geological epoch, the Holocene, there is a sixth extinction event in progress. This mass extinction has been attributed to human activities and is thus provisionally called the Anthropocene. In 2019 the human population reached 7.7 billion people and is projected to comprise 10 billion by...
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Biodiversity describes the variety of living things at multiple organizational levels: genetic, species and ecosystem diversity. Species diversity includes all branches of the evolutionary tree from single-celled prokaryotic organisms, bacteria, and archaea, to the eukaryotic kingdoms: plants; animals; fungi; and protists. To date, there have been about 1.75 million species identified, and new species are discovered every week.
Global Climate Change01:50

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Throughout its ~4.5 billion year history, the Earth has experienced periods of warming and cooling. However, the current drastic increase in global temperatures is well outside of the Earth’s cyclic norms, and evidence for human-caused global climate change is compelling. Paleoclimatology, the study of ancient climate conditions, provides ample evidence for human-caused global climate change by comparing recent conditions with those in the past.

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Authorship for scientific papers: the new challenges.

Carla Costa Garcia1, Cristina Ribeiro Nabuco Martrucelli, Marilisa de Melo Freire Rossilho

  • 1Programa de Pós-Graduação em Comunicação, Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho, São Paulo, Brazil. carlac.garcia@uol.com.br

Revista Brasileira De Cirurgia Cardiovascular : Orgao Oficial Da Sociedade Brasileira De Cirurgia Cardiovascular
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Summary

Collaborative authorship is rising globally, leading to increased authorship fraud. This study examines authorship criteria and challenges to maintain scientific credibility.

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Area of Science:

  • Scientific publishing ethics
  • Bibliometrics and scientometrics

Background:

  • Collaborative authorship (coauthorship) is increasingly prevalent in Brazil and internationally.
  • This rise is associated with a growing incidence of fraud and misconduct in assigning scientific paper responsibility.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To discuss criteria for authorship attribution.
  • To explore reasons behind increasing coauthorship.
  • To address challenges in determining authorship, especially with electronic journals.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review on authorship practices.
  • Case study involving bibliographic searches in scientific databases.

Main Results:

  • Identified criteria for proper authorship attribution.
  • Analyzed factors contributing to the rise in coauthorship.
  • Highlighted challenges in authorship determination in the digital age.

Conclusions:

  • Proposes methods to prevent authorship misconduct.
  • Aims to safeguard the credibility of scientific research.
  • Emphasizes the importance of clear authorship guidelines.