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Updated: Jun 4, 2026

Endoscopic Endonasal Trans-sphenoidal Approach: Minimally Invasive Surgery for Pituitary Adenomas

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Published on: January 17, 2018

Ghrelin immunoexpression in pituitary adenomas.

Fabio Rotondo¹, Michael Cusimano, Bernd W Scheithauer

¹Division of Pathology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, St. Michael's Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada. rotondof@smh.ca

|February 23, 2011

Summary

Ghrelin, a hormone that stimulates appetite, was found in various pituitary tumors. However, ghrelin levels did not predict tumor behavior or treatment response in patients with pituitary adenomas.

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Two-dimensional Gel Electrophoresis Coupled with Mass Spectrometry Methods for an Analysis of Human Pituitary Adenoma Tissue Proteome

Two-dimensional Gel Electrophoresis Coupled with Mass Spectrometry Methods for an Analysis of Human Pituitary Adenoma Tissue Proteome

Published on: April 2, 2018

Area of Science:

Endocrinology
Oncology
Neuroscience

Background:

Ghrelin, primarily a stomach hormone, also appears in certain neuroendocrine tumors.
Its presence and role in pituitary tumors remain largely unexplored.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate ghrelin expression across the spectrum of pituitary adenoma subtypes.
To determine if ghrelin immunopositivity correlates with tumor behavior or treatment response.

Main Methods:

Immunohistochemistry (streptavidin-biotin-peroxidase complex method) was used.
Quantification involved staining frequency and intensity in resected pituitary adenomas.
Full spectrum of pituitary adenoma subtypes were analyzed.

Main Results:

Cytoplasmic ghrelin immunopositivity was detected in several pituitary adenoma subtypes.
Highest ghrelin scores were in growth hormone (GH)-producing adenomas treated with somatostatin analogs.
Lower scores were observed in ACTH adenomas (Cushing disease, Nelson syndrome), silent adenomas, untreated GH adenomas, dopamine agonist-treated PRL adenomas, and gonadotroph adenomas.
No significant ghrelin immunoreactivity was found in TSH, untreated PRL, and null cell adenomas.

Conclusions:

Ghrelin is expressed in various pituitary adenomas, with notable variations in intensity.
High ghrelin expression in GH adenomas treated with somatostatin analogs requires further investigation.
Ghrelin immunopositivity does not appear to be a reliable biomarker for pituitary adenoma behavior, prognosis, or therapeutic responsiveness.