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Midface Hypoplasia and Cranial Base Morphology in Syndromic Craniosynostosis: A Comparative Analysis Study Using a Predictive Regression Model

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Craniofacial anthropometric analysis in Down syndrome.

K R Asha¹, Subhash Lakshmiprabha, C M Nanjaiah

¹Department of Anatomy, Sri Siddhartha Medical College, Tumkur, Karnataka, India. ashakeshavraj@rediffmail.com

Indian Journal of Pediatrics

|February 23, 2011

Summary

Craniofacial anthropometry can help diagnose Down syndrome (DS) in South Indian children. Specific measurements like cephalic index accurately identify individuals with DS, aiding in growth monitoring and surgical planning.

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Area of Science:

Medical research
Anthropometry
Genetics

Background:

Down syndrome (DS) diagnosis and management require understanding craniofacial characteristics.
Limited data exists on South Indian populations, necessitating local studies.

Purpose of the Study:

To assess the diagnostic specificity of craniofacial anthropometry for Down syndrome in South Indian children.
To identify key anthropometric variables for differentiating Down syndrome patients from healthy individuals.
To support diagnosis, growth monitoring, and surgical planning in craniofacial region.

Main Methods:

A study involving 100 South Indian subjects (50 with Down syndrome, 50 controls) aged 1-18 years.
Non-invasive craniofacial anthropometry was used to collect six measurements.
Four anthropometric indices were calculated for analysis.

Main Results:

Discriminant function analysis identified three key variables: cephalic index, head size index, and morphological upper facial index.
These variables accurately classified subjects with Down syndrome.
The study highlights the utility of anthropometric profiles in identifying abnormal craniofacial dimensions.

Conclusions:

Craniofacial anthropometric profiles are useful for defining abnormal craniofacial dimensions in Down syndrome patients.
The identified variables show potential for diagnostic and monitoring applications in this population.