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Related Concept Videos

Selectins01:25

Selectins

Cell adhesion is  an essential aspect of multicellularity. While stable cell interactions usually occur between cells of the same type, transient cell interactions occur between cells of different tissue types, such as between neutrophils and endothelial cells. Selectins are one class of cell adhesion molecules (CAMs) that bind carbohydrate ligands to form transient cell adhesion. They are rod-like proteins with a long extracellular part of variable length ending with the lectin domain, which...
Metastasis02:30

Metastasis

Metastasis is the spread of cancer cells from the original site to distant locations in the body. Cancer cells can spread via blood vessels (hematogenous) as well as lymph vessels in the body.
Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition
The epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition or EMT is a developmental process commonly observed in wound healing, embryogenesis, and cancer metastasis. EMT is induced by transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) or receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) ligands, which further...
Metastasis02:30

Metastasis

Metastasis is the spread of cancer cells from the original site to distant locations in the body. Cancer cells can spread via blood vessels (hematogenous) as well as lymph vessels in the body.
Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition
The epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition or EMT is a developmental process commonly observed in wound healing, embryogenesis, and cancer metastasis. EMT is induced by transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) or receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) ligands, which further...
Activation of Integrins01:15

Activation of Integrins

Integrins bind ligands and transmit information from outside the cell to inside or vice-versa through an "outside-in signaling" or "inside-out signaling."
In "outside-in signaling," external factors in the extracellular space bind to exposed ligand binding sites on integrins. This causes the inactive protein to undergo a conformational change to become active. Integrins are often clustered on the cell membrane. Repetitive and regularly spaced ligand binding events provide an effective stimulus.
Integrins01:10

Integrins

Animal and protozoan cells do not have cell walls to help maintain shape and provide structural stability. Instead, these eukaryotic cells secrete a sticky mass of carbohydrates and proteins into the spaces between adjacent cells. This network of proteins and molecules is called an extracellular matrix or ECM.
Some ECM proteins assemble into a basement membrane to which the remaining components adhere. Proteoglycans typically form the bulk of the ECM while fibrous proteins, like collagen,...
Mitogens and the Cell Cycle02:38

Mitogens and the Cell Cycle

Mitogens and their receptors play a crucial role in controlling the progression of the cell cycle. However, the loss of mitogenic control over cell division leads to tumor formation. Therefore, mitogens and mitogen receptors play an important role in cancer research. For instance, the epidermal growth factor (EGF) - a type of mitogen and its transmembrane receptor (EGFR), decides the fate of the cell's proliferation. When EGF binds to EGFR, a member of the ErbB family of tyrosine kinase...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 4, 2026

Experimental Metastasis Assay
08:28

Experimental Metastasis Assay

Published on: August 24, 2010

Galectin-3 binding and metastasis.

P Nangia-Makker1, Y Honjo, A Raz

  • 1Tumor Progression and Metastasis Program, Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI.

Methods in Molecular Medicine
|February 23, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Galectin-3 (gal-3), a carbohydrate-binding protein, is found in various cell locations. Its elevated expression in cancer cells correlates with tumor progression and metastasis.

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Last Updated: Jun 4, 2026

Experimental Metastasis Assay
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Spheroid Assay to Measure TGF-β-induced Invasion
09:18

Spheroid Assay to Measure TGF-β-induced Invasion

Published on: November 16, 2011

Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Molecular Biology
  • Cell Biology

Background:

  • Galectin-3 (gal-3) is a carbohydrate-binding protein.
  • It has two functional domains: N-terminal for dimerization/secretion and C-terminal for carbohydrate binding.
  • Gal-3 is localized in the nucleus, cytoplasm, and extracellular matrix.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role and expression patterns of Galectin-3 in cellular processes.
  • To understand the significance of Gal-3 in neoplastic and transformed cell lines.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies on Galectin-3 expression and function.
  • Analysis of reports detailing Gal-3 localization and binding affinities.

Main Results:

  • Galectin-3 exhibits differential expression across various cell types.
  • An upregulation of Gal-3 is observed in transformed and metastatic cell lines.
  • Increased Gal-3 expression correlates with advanced stages in human carcinomas.

Conclusions:

  • Galectin-3 is implicated in cancer progression and metastasis.
  • Its expression levels serve as a potential biomarker for tumor staging.