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Related Concept Videos

FISH - Fluorescent In-situ Hybridization02:07

FISH - Fluorescent In-situ Hybridization

Fluorescence in situ hybridization, or FISH, was developed in the early 1980s and has quickly become one of the most widely used techniques in cytogenetics. Labeled probes are used to bind complementary DNA or RNA sequences on a chromosome or in a region within a cell. Earlier, the probes could only be obtained by cloning or reverse transcription of a DNA template. Currently, the probe oligonucleotides can be synthesized synthetically. Additionally, with the advancement of optical techniques,...
In-situ Hybridization02:31

In-situ Hybridization

In situ hybridization (ISH) is a technique used to detect and localize specific DNA or RNA molecules in cells, tissue, or tissue sections using a labeled probe. The technique was first used in 1969 for the investigation of nucleic acids. It is currently an essential tool in scientific research and clinical settings, especially for diagnostic purposes.
Types of probes and labels
A probe is a complementary strand of DNA or RNA that binds to corresponding nucleotide sequences in a cell. Many...
Immunofluorescence Microscopy01:12

Immunofluorescence Microscopy

A fluorescence microscope uses fluorescent chromophores called fluorochromes, which can absorb energy from a light source and then emit this energy as visible light. Fluorochromes include naturally fluorescent substances (such as chlorophylls) and fluorescent stains that are added to the specimen to create contrast. Dyes such as Texas red and FITC are examples of fluorochromes. Other examples include the nucleic acid dyes 4’,6’-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI), and acridine orange.
The...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 4, 2026

Simple Method for Fluorescence DNA In Situ Hybridization to Squashed Chromosomes
11:36

Simple Method for Fluorescence DNA In Situ Hybridization to Squashed Chromosomes

Published on: January 6, 2015

Fluorescence itIn Situ Hybridization.

H Goker1, J Shipley

  • 1Gene Function and Regulation, Institute of Cancer Research, Chester Beatty Laboratories, London, UK.

Methods in Molecular Medicine
|February 23, 2011
PubMed
Summary

Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) offers a sensitive and rapid method for visualizing nucleic acid locations. This technique has largely replaced older radioactive methods for applications like gene mapping and aberration analysis.

Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics
  • Cytogenetics

Background:

  • In situ hybridization (ISH) is a technique for locating nucleic acid sequences within fixed samples.
  • Early ISH methods utilized radioactive probes, facing limitations due to regulations and practical challenges.
  • The development of non-radioactive labeling methods, particularly fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), revolutionized the field.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To describe the principles and evolution of in situ hybridization techniques.
  • To highlight the advantages of fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) over older radioactive methods.
  • To introduce advanced FISH applications such as chromosome painting and comparative genomic hybridization (CGH).

Main Methods:

  • Annealing of labeled nucleic acid probes to complementary sequences in fixed biological targets.

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Double Fluorescence in situ Hybridization in Fresh Brain Sections
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Double Fluorescence in situ Hybridization in Fresh Brain Sections

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Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization on DNA Halo Preparations to Reveal Whole Chromosomes, Telomeres and Gene Loci
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Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization on DNA Halo Preparations to Reveal Whole Chromosomes, Telomeres and Gene Loci

Published on: March 4, 2021

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 4, 2026

Simple Method for Fluorescence DNA In Situ Hybridization to Squashed Chromosomes
11:36

Simple Method for Fluorescence DNA In Situ Hybridization to Squashed Chromosomes

Published on: January 6, 2015

Double Fluorescence in situ Hybridization in Fresh Brain Sections
12:15

Double Fluorescence in situ Hybridization in Fresh Brain Sections

Published on: August 14, 2010

Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization on DNA Halo Preparations to Reveal Whole Chromosomes, Telomeres and Gene Loci
09:07

Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization on DNA Halo Preparations to Reveal Whole Chromosomes, Telomeres and Gene Loci

Published on: March 4, 2021

  • Visualization of probe location using fluorescence microscopy.
  • Labeling probes with fluorochrome dyes (e.g., FITC, tetramethyl rhodamine) for detection.

    • Main Results:

    • Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) provides a highly effective and rapid alternative to radioisotopic ISH.
    • FISH enables advanced applications including chromosome painting, CGH, M-FISH, and SKY for genomic analysis.
    • FISH has become the preferred method, largely superseding radioisotope-based techniques.

    Conclusions:

    • FISH is a powerful tool for characterizing chromosome aberrations, gene mapping, and expression studies.
    • The shift to non-radioactive probes has significantly improved the accessibility and utility of in situ hybridization.
    • FISH continues to be a cornerstone technique in modern molecular and cytogenetic research.