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17 macrophage virulence assays.

P T Lukey1, E U Hooker

  • 1Respiratory Systems, Medical Research Centre, Glaxo Wellcome Research and Development, Hertfordshire, UK.

Methods in Molecular Medicine
|February 23, 2011
PubMed
Summary

Mycobacterium tuberculosis, a lung pathogen, survives inside host macrophages. Initial infection involves granuloma formation in the lungs, where the bacteria replicate intracellularly within macrophages.

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Microbiology
  • Pathology

Background:

  • Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tuberculosis) is a facultative intracellular pathogen.
  • M. tuberculosis infection begins through aerosol transmission to the lungs.
  • Host macrophages engulf M. tuberculosis, initiating intracellular replication and inflammation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To describe the initial host-pathogen interactions during Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection.
  • To elucidate the early stages of granuloma formation in response to M. tuberculosis.

Main Methods:

  • Observational study describing the cellular and pathological processes.
  • Microscopic visualization of acid-fast bacilli within host macrophages.

Main Results:

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  • M. tuberculosis resides and replicates within alveolar macrophages.
  • Infection triggers an inflammatory response with recruitment of mononuclear leukocytes.
  • Accumulation of leukocytes forms granulomas, characteristic of early M. tuberculosis infection.

Conclusions:

  • Granuloma formation is a critical early host response to M. tuberculosis.
  • Intracellular replication within macrophages is a key feature of early M. tuberculosis pathogenesis.