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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 4, 2026

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Active focal zone sharpening for high-precision treatment using histotripsy.

Tzu-Yin Wang1, Zhen Xu, Timothy Hall

  • 1Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA. tzuyin@umich.edu

IEEE Transactions on Ultrasonics, Ferroelectrics, and Frequency Control
|February 24, 2011
PubMed
Summary

This study introduces a focal zone sharpening strategy using cavitation nuclei preconditioning pulses to improve precision in histotripsy. This method enhances lesion confinement by controlling cavitation, leading to more accurate therapeutic ultrasound treatments.

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Area of Science:

  • Medical Physics
  • Acoustic Cavitation
  • Ultrasound Therapy

Background:

  • Pulsed cavitational ultrasound therapy, or histotripsy, aims to create precise tissue lesions.
  • Current histotripsy methods can produce lesions with wider peripheral zones than desired.
  • Improving lesion confinement is crucial for enhancing treatment accuracy and safety.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and evaluate a focal zone sharpening strategy for histotripsy.
  • To precisely control cavitation in the periphery of the treatment focus.
  • To enhance the accuracy and confinement of lesions produced by pulsed cavitational ultrasound therapy.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a 1-MHz 513-element therapeutic array to generate therapy and nuclei preconditioning pulses.

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  • Employed a novel nuclei preconditioning pulse delivered to an annular region surrounding the focus.
  • Conducted parametric studies in red blood cell-gel phantoms and ex vivo liver tissues.

    • Main Results:

    • A short-duration preconditioning pulse (20 µs) at medium pressure (7.2/13.6 MPa) delivered 30 µs before therapy suppressed peripheral damage by 77 ± 13%.
    • Maximum bubble cloud width decreased by 48 ± 24% with focal zone sharpening.
    • Highly confined lesions were consistently produced in both phantoms and ex vivo liver tissues.

    Conclusions:

    • Active focal zone sharpening using cavitation nuclei preconditioning is feasible.
    • This strategy significantly enhances treatment precision by increasing lesion confinement.
    • The developed method offers improved accuracy compared to conventional histotripsy transducers.