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Related Concept Videos

Vaccinations01:51

Vaccinations

Overview
Vaccines01:21

Vaccines

Vaccines are among the most effective tools in preventive medicine, designed to prepare the immune system to recognize and combat infectious agents. By introducing antigens—substances that the immune system identifies as foreign—vaccines stimulate an adaptive immune response that leads to immunological memory. This immunological memory enables the body to mount a faster and more effective response upon future exposures to the actual pathogen.Vaccines can be categorized based on the type of...
Smallpox01:24

Smallpox

Smallpox is a severe contagious disease caused by the Variola major virus, a double-stranded DNA member of the Poxviridae family.Variola major transmission occurs primarily via inhalation of virus-laden droplets or direct contact with infectious scabs. The incubation period averages approximately seven days, although it may range from 7 to 17 days depending on the inoculum and host factors.Clinically, the prodromal phase is marked by an abrupt onset of high fever, malaise, headache, and myalgia.
Active versus Passive Immunity01:31

Active versus Passive Immunity

Immunity, along with the ability to limit pathogen growth to prevent significant body tissue damage, can be gained either by (1) actively developing an immune response within the individual after exposure to a pathogen or after getting vaccinated or (2) passively transferring immune components from an immune individual to one who is nonimmune. Both these forms of immunity can be found naturally and in medical practices.
Active Immunity
Active immunity refers to the resistance one develops...
Cancer Vaccines01:30

Cancer Vaccines

Cancer treatment vaccines are a rapidly evolving field that offers a promising approach to immunotherapy. Unlike traditional vaccines that prevent diseases, cancer treatment vaccines are designed to treat existing cancers by stimulating the immune system to recognize and attack cancer cells.
Cancer vaccines come in two categories: preventive (prophylactic) and treatment (active). Preventive vaccines, such as the Human Papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine, protect against viruses that cause certain...
Immunological Memory01:23

Immunological Memory

Immunological memory, a pivotal pillar of the adaptive immune system, is responsible for the body's ability to remember and respond more swiftly and effectively to previously encountered pathogens. This remarkable feature is what makes vaccines so effective in preventing diseases.
What is Immunological Memory?
Immunological memory is an integral function of the immune system that allows it to recognize and react more rapidly and effectively to pathogens previously encountered. This feature is...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 4, 2026

Immunization of Adult Zebrafish for the Preclinical Screening of DNA-based Vaccines
05:39

Immunization of Adult Zebrafish for the Preclinical Screening of DNA-based Vaccines

Published on: October 30, 2018

[Vaccination in adults].

D M Kieninger-Baum1, F Zepp

  • 1Zentrum für Kinder- und Jugendmedizin, Universitätsmedizin Mainz, Langenbeckstrasse 1, Mainz, Germany.

Der Internist
|February 24, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Adult vaccination in Germany builds on childhood immunizations, requiring regular boosters for diphtheria, tetanus, and pertussis. Older adults and those in specific situations benefit from additional vaccines like pneumococcal and influenza for sustained public health.

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Area of Science:

  • Public Health
  • Immunology
  • Epidemiology

Context:

  • German adult vaccination relies on childhood immunization for lifelong protection.
  • Recommendations align with Standing Vaccination Commission (STIKO) standards.
  • Focus on maintaining high immunization coverage into old age.

Purpose:

  • To outline essential adult vaccination schedules in Germany.
  • To emphasize the importance of booster vaccinations against diphtheria, tetanus, and pertussis.
  • To highlight specific recommendations for individuals over 60 and during pregnancy.

Summary:

  • Adults require decennial diphtheria and tetanus boosters, and pertussis boosters if 10+ years since last vaccine.
  • Individuals over 60 are advised to get pneumococcal and annual influenza vaccines.
  • STIKO updates aim to control measles and eradicate rubella embryopathy, with physician-led status checks crucial for herd immunity.

Impact:

  • Ensures sustained immunity throughout adulthood and into old age.
  • Contributes to the control of vaccine-preventable diseases like measles and rubella.
  • Promotes herd immunity, protecting both individuals and the wider population.