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Related Experiment Videos

Lingual and gastric lipases.

M Hamosh1

  • 1Department of Pediatrics, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20007.

Nutrition (Burbank, Los Angeles County, Calif.)
|November 1, 1990
PubMed
Summary

Lingual and gastric lipases are crucial for infant milk fat digestion and may aid patients with cystic fibrosis or alcoholic pancreatitis by supplementing pancreatic enzymes.

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Area of Science:

  • Gastroenterology
  • Digestive Physiology
  • Enzymology

Background:

  • Lingual lipase, discovered in 1973, hydrolyzes triglycerides in the stomach, highlighting the gastric phase of fat digestion.
  • This enzyme is found in human tongue's serous glands and gastric chief cells, colocalized with pepsin.
  • Purified human lingual and gastric lipases are hydrophobic, prone to aggregation, with molecular weights ranging from 45-51K.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role and characteristics of lingual and gastric lipases in fat digestion.
  • To explore the potential therapeutic applications of these lipases in specific gastrointestinal conditions.

Main Methods:

  • Immunocytochemistry to localize gastric lipase in fundic mucosa chief cells.
  • Purification of human lingual and gastric lipases to determine molecular weight and properties.
  • Analysis of lipase activity in patients with cystic fibrosis and alcoholic pancreatic insufficiency.

Main Results:

  • Lingual and gastric lipases are essential for digesting milk fat in newborns, penetrating the milk fat globule.
  • These lipases exhibit activity in cystic fibrosis patients, potentially compensating for reduced pancreatic lipase function in the upper small intestine.
  • Gastric lipase secretion is stimulated by at least two receptor mechanisms.

Conclusions:

  • Lingual and gastric lipases play a vital role in early fat digestion and may offer therapeutic benefits for conditions involving pancreatic insufficiency.
  • Supplementation with lingual and gastric lipases could be a more effective strategy for managing steatorrhea in cystic fibrosis and alcoholic pancreatitis patients than current pancreatic enzyme therapies.

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