Anesthetic problems of the geriatric dental patient

Anesthesia for geriatric dental patients should begin with a preanesthetic evaluation of the animal, consisting of the medical history, a laboratory data survey, and a physical examination. This information plus knowledge of the physiologic changes induced by aging provide the basis for selection of anesthetics. The anesthetic regimen should include drugs that produce minimal impact on organ systems, especially those systems that may lack physiologic reserve in older animals. Protection of the airway and control of ventilation should receive primary attention. Regular monitoring and support of cardiopulmonary function are essential, and fluid volume and renal function should be maintained. The patient should be observed during recovery from anesthesia until protective reflexes return and recovery is complete. Analgesics should be used if postoperative pain is present.