Rational approaches to the treatment of first time, relapsing, and recurrent urinary tract infections

Urinary tract infections (UTIs) in the dog are common clinical problems that often respond to a variety of therapeutic regimes. There are, however, many cases of non-responding or recurring infections that require a more systematic approach to therapy. This involves a simple process defining duration, clinical severity, and location, as well as clear identification of the UTI as relapsing or recurrent. Based on these factors, therapeutic approaches and clinical expectations can be developed, improving the chances of resolution in these often frustrating cases.