Oral flaps. Principles, problems, and complications of flaps for reconstruction of the oral cavity

Various types of flaps are commonly used by veterinary surgeons for reconstruction of congenital and acquired defects in the oral cavity. Specific techniques have been described and illustrated elsewhere. In this chapter the author reviews indications and common uses of oral flaps and considerations in preoperative and postoperative management of animals undergoing flap reconstructions. General principles of flap construction and handling, technical considerations, and complications are discussed, with case examples to illustrate some of the problems and pitfalls of surgical repair of oral defects.