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Related Concept Videos

Degenerative Disc Disease I: Introduction01:27

Degenerative Disc Disease I: Introduction

Degenerative disc disease is a chronic condition in which intervertebral discs gradually lose structure and function. It is not infectious or autoimmune; rather, it results from age-related biochemical and mechanical changes, influenced by genetic, metabolic, and environmental factors.Structure and Function of DiscsThe spine contains 23 intervertebral discs that absorb load, distribute forces, maintain spacing, and allow flexibility. Each disc consists of a nucleus pulposus, a gel-like core...
Vertebral Column: Regions and Curvature01:16

Vertebral Column: Regions and Curvature

The vertebral column or spine is a flexible column that supports the head, neck, and body and  allows for their movements. It also protects the spinal cord.
Regions of the Vertebral Column
In an adult, the spine is subdivided into five regions: the cervical, the thoracic, the lumbar, the sacral, and the coccygeal region. The spine initially develops as a series of 33 vertebrae; after 20 years of age, the nine bones in the sacral region, five sacral, and four coccygeal bones fuse to form the...
Herniated Intervertebral Disc l: Introduction01:29

Herniated Intervertebral Disc l: Introduction

Intervertebral disc herniation refers to the displacement of the nucleus pulposus (the gel-like inner core of the disc) through a tear or weakened area in the annulus fibrosus (the outer fibrous ring). The displaced disc material extends beyond the normal boundaries of the disc space and may compress or irritate nearby spinal nerve roots or, less commonly, the spinal cord.Etiology and Risk FactorsHerniation commonly results from degeneration, in which aging reduces disc hydration and...
Degenerative Disc Disease ll: Pathophysiology01:23

Degenerative Disc Disease ll: Pathophysiology

The symptoms of degenerative disc disease arise from a combination of mechanical compression, vascular compromise, and biochemical inflammation, which together disrupt nerve function and produce pain.Mechanical CompressionDisc degeneration reduces height and elasticity, predisposing to herniation of the nucleus pulposus, a major cause of radicular pain. Herniations may be protrusion (bulging with intact annulus), extrusion (nucleus extends beyond disc but remains connected), or sequestration...
Learning Disabilities01:25

Learning Disabilities

Learning disabilities are cognitive disorders caused by neurological impairments that affect cognitive functions like language and reading, without indicating overall intellectual or developmental challenges. These disabilities differ from global intellectual or developmental disabilities as they are limited to distinct cognitive functions. Common learning disabilities include dysgraphia, dyslexia, and dyscalculia, each of which impacts unique aspects of learning.
Dyslexia
Dyslexia is a...
Spinal Cord: Cross-sectional Anatomy01:16

Spinal Cord: Cross-sectional Anatomy

The cross-sectional anatomy of the spinal cord offers a detailed view of its complex structure and function within the central nervous system. At the core of the spinal cord lies the gray matter, characterized by its butterfly or "H"-shaped appearance in cross-section. This central region is enveloped by white matter, with the overall structure divided into symmetrical halves by the dorsal median sulcus and the ventral median fissure.
Gray Matter and its Components
Central to the gray matter is...

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Related Experiment Videos

Cervical spinal dysraphism.

Nejmi Kıymaz1, Nebi Yılmaz, Burhan Oral Güdü

  • 1Department of Neurosurgery, University of Yuzuncu Yil, School of Medicine, Van, Turkey. nejmikiymaz@yahoo.co.uk

Pediatric Neurosurgery
|February 25, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study found that girls are more frequently affected by cervical spinal dysraphism than boys. Compared to caudal cases, cervical spinal dysraphism presents with fewer associated anomalies like Chiari II malformation and hydrocephaly.

Related Experiment Videos

Area of Science:

  • Neurosurgery
  • Pediatric Neurology
  • Congenital Abnormalities

Background:

  • Cervical spinal dysraphism is a rare congenital spinal pathology.
  • This study compares findings from a series of patients with existing literature.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analyze the clinical characteristics and outcomes of patients with cervical spinal dysraphism.
  • To compare the prevalence of associated anomalies and complications in cervical versus caudal spinal dysraphism.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective study of seven patients with cervical myelomeningocele and meningocele.
  • Surgical interventions performed between January 1996 and March 2009.
  • Comparison of patient demographics, lesion characteristics, and associated conditions.

Main Results:

  • The study included 6 females and 1 male, with referral ages ranging from 4 days to 4 months.
  • All patients presented with a midline cervical sac lesion; 4 had myelomeningocele, 3 had meningocele.
  • Chiari type II malformation and hydrocephaly were observed in 3 myelomeningocele patients. Diastematomyelia and filum terminal lipoma were noted in one patient.

Conclusions:

  • A higher incidence of cervical spinal dysraphism was observed in females compared to males, contrary to some literature.
  • Associated conditions such as Chiari type II malformation, hydrocephaly, and motor weakness are less frequent in cervical spinal dysraphism than in caudal forms.
  • The cervical lesion sac demonstrates greater durability, resulting in a lower incidence of cerebrospinal fluid leakage.