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Related Concept Videos

Roles of Electrolytes: Calcium and Phosphate01:27

Roles of Electrolytes: Calcium and Phosphate

Calcium and phosphate are essential electrolytes in the human body, with calcium being the most abundant mineral. Around 99% of the body's calcium is stored in the skeleton and teeth, forming a crystal lattice of mineral salts in combination with phosphates. Calcium plays crucial roles in various bodily functions such as blood clotting, neurotransmitter release, muscle tone maintenance, and nervous and muscle tissue excitability.
The calcium concentration in blood plasma is primarily regulated...
Introduction to Electrolytes01:33

Introduction to Electrolytes

In humans, electrolytes play a vital role in various physiological processes. Balancing electrolyte levels is essential for normal body functions; their imbalance can be life-threatening. The major electrolytes include sodium, potassium, chloride, calcium, phosphate, and bicarbonate. They are primarily involved in physiological processes, such as nerve signal transmission, membrane trafficking, muscle contraction, buffering body fluids, and balancing water levels in the body.
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Protein Kinases and Phosphatases02:54

Protein Kinases and Phosphatases

Proteins undergo chemical modifications that trigger changes in the charge, structure, and conformation of the proteins. Phosphorylation, acetylation, glycosylation, nitrosylation, ubiquitination, lipidation, methylation, and proteolysis are various protein modifications that regulate protein activity. Such modifications are usually enzyme-driven.
Protein kinases
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Protein Kinases and Phosphatases02:54

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Transducer Mechanism: Enzyme-Linked Receptors01:27

Transducer Mechanism: Enzyme-Linked Receptors

Enzyme-linked receptors are cell-surface receptors acting as an enzyme or associating with an enzyme intracellularly. They make excellent drug targets. Drugs can bind to the extracellular ligand-binding domain or directly affect their enzymatic domain and alter their activity.
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Essential Minerals for Bone Health01:31

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The minerals contained in all of the food we consume are essential for our organ systems. However, certain essential minerals, such as calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, manganese, and fluoride, largely affect bone health.
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Rab10 Phosphorylation Detection by LRRK2 Activity Using SDS-PAGE with a Phosphate-binding Tag
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Rab10 Phosphorylation Detection by LRRK2 Activity Using SDS-PAGE with a Phosphate-binding Tag

Published on: December 14, 2017

Phosphate and Klotho.

Makoto Kuro-O1

  • 1Department of Pathology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas 75390-9072, USA. Makoto.Kuro-o@UTSouthwestern.edu

Kidney International. Supplement
|February 25, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Klotho deficiency accelerates aging and chronic kidney disease mineral and bone disorder (CKD-MBD) by increasing phosphate. Maintaining normal phosphate levels may reduce CKD complications.

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Rab10 Phosphorylation Detection by LRRK2 Activity Using SDS-PAGE with a Phosphate-binding Tag
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Published on: March 14, 2021

Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Nephrology
  • Aging Research

Background:

  • Klotho is an aging suppressor gene and co-receptor for Fibroblast Growth Factor 23 (FGF-23).
  • Klotho regulates phosphate and calcium homeostasis in bone, kidney, and parathyroid glands.
  • Klotho deficiency in mice causes premature aging and chronic kidney disease-mineral and bone disorder (CKD-MBD) phenotypes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of Klotho in CKD pathophysiology.
  • To establish Klotho as an early biomarker for CKD and CKD-MBD.
  • To explore therapeutic strategies targeting phosphate levels in CKD.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of Klotho expression in CKD patients.
  • Review of studies on Klotho-deficient mice and phosphate-lowering interventions.
  • Examination of FGF-23-independent effects of secreted Klotho.

Main Results:

  • CKD is characterized by decreased Klotho expression, leading to FGF-23 resistance.
  • Reduced Klotho causes hyperphosphatemia, FGF-23 and parathyroid hormone increases, and hypovitaminosis D.
  • Secreted Klotho has paracrine effects on kidney tubules, influencing phosphate and calcium levels.

Conclusions:

  • Decreased Klotho expression is the earliest biomarker and initiator of CKD-MBD.
  • Hyperphosphatemia in CKD drives accelerated aging and mineral derangements.
  • Phosphate binders may mitigate mineral and vascular complications in CKD patients with declining Klotho.