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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 4, 2026

Enactive Phenomenological Approach to the Trier Social Stress Test: A Mixed Methods Point of View

Enactive Phenomenological Approach to the Trier Social Stress Test: A Mixed Methods Point of View

Published on: January 7, 2019

Understanding Inter-rater Disagreement: A Mixed Methods Approach.

Emily M Campbell¹, Dean F Sittig, Wendy W Chapman

¹Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR;

AMIA ... Annual Symposium Proceedings. AMIA Symposium

|February 25, 2011

Summary

Cognitive skills in clinicians versus laypersons showed mixed results in identifying concepts in clinical notes. Data ambiguity hindered clear distinctions, highlighting the need for mixed methods in performance studies.

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Area of Science:

Cognitive Science
Medical Informatics
Human-Computer Interaction

Background:

Understanding cognitive differences between experts (clinicians) and non-experts (laypersons) is crucial for evaluating technology use in healthcare.
Assessing how individuals perform tasks involving clinical notes informs system design and usability.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate cognitive skill differences between clinicians and laypersons in concept identification within ambulatory encounter notes.
To evaluate the performance on simple (explicit concept identification) versus complex (inferred concept identification) tasks.
To demonstrate the value of mixed-method approaches in task-based performance studies.

Main Methods:

A mixed-method approach was employed, combining quantitative performance metrics with qualitative analysis of subject reasoning.
Eight clinicians and eight laypersons were tasked with identifying explicit or inferred concepts in ambulatory encounter notes.
Subjects answered questions, highlighted supporting text, and provided commentary on their reasoning.

Main Results:

Quantitative analysis of task performance yielded mixed results, showing no clear advantage for clinicians over laypersons on simple or complex tasks.
Qualitative analysis revealed that data ambiguity within the notes obscured quantifiable differences in cognitive skills between the two groups.
The study provided new insights into the complexity of concept identification tasks.

Conclusions:

Mixed-method approaches are valuable for nuanced evaluation of task-based performance, especially when data ambiguity is present.
Findings have implications for evaluating the meaningful use of health information technologies and understanding user performance.
Further research is needed to refine methods for assessing cognitive skills in clinical data interpretation.