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Related Concept Videos

Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Intravenous Regional Anesthesia01:16

Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Intravenous Regional Anesthesia

Intravenous regional anesthesia or the Bier block technique is used to anesthetize a specific limb or extremity. It uses exsanguinated or blood-drained vessels to transport local anesthetics or LAs to the peripheral nerve trunks. Lidocaine without vasoconstrictors like epinephrine is most commonly used for this technique. Other drugs used are prilocaine, ropivacaine, and chloroprocaine. Bupivacaine is not recommended for this technique due to its high cardiac toxicity.
One of the advantages of...
Local Anesthetics: Differential Sensitivity of Nerve Fibers01:24

Local Anesthetics: Differential Sensitivity of Nerve Fibers

Local anesthetics (LAs) block the sodium channels of nerve trunks, sensory nerve endings, and neuromuscular junctions. Although LAs can block all kinds of nerves, the sensitivity of nerve fibers differs according to nerve types and structures. LAs are known to block myelinated fibers faster than unmyelinated ones. Also, they block pain or sensory neurons at low concentrations without affecting the motor neurons involved in muscle contractions. This helps relieve labor pain without affecting the...
Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Surface, Infiltration, and Conduction Block Anesthesia01:30

Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Surface, Infiltration, and Conduction Block Anesthesia

Depending on the target organ, local anesthetics (LAs) can be administered via various routes. In surface anesthesia, LAs are applied directly to the surface of the skin or mucous membranes. It is widely used for topical skin numbing before venipuncture or minor surgical procedures. Commonly used surface local anesthetics are lidocaine or benzocaine sprays or creams. Surface anesthesia occurs within 5 minutes and lasts for about 60 minutes. One of the main disadvantages of topical anesthesia is...
Peripheral Artery Disease V: Postoperative Nursing Management01:23

Peripheral Artery Disease V: Postoperative Nursing Management

During the postoperative period, it is crucial to focus on maintaining circulation, identifying and managing potential complications, and planning for discharge.Nursing AssessmentVital signs monitoring: Regularly monitor vital signs, including blood pressure, heart rate, respiratory rate, and temperature, to detect early signs of complications such as bleeding and infection.Circulation assessment: Monitor pulses, perform Doppler assessments, and check capillary refill, color, temperature, and...
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Nondepolarizing neuromuscular blockers induce paralysis by competitively blocking nicotinic acetylcholine receptors at the muscle end plate. Examples include pancuronium, mivacurium, vecuronium, and rocuronium. These quaternary ammonium derivatives are administered intravenously, are poorly absorbed, and are excreted via the kidneys.
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Updated: Jun 4, 2026

Electrophysiological Methods to Assess Peripheral Pain Block in an Anesthetized Rat
08:05

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Published on: November 21, 2025

[Complications of peripheral nerve block].

Atsushi Hashimoto1, Hiroshi Ito, Misako Harato

  • 1Department of Anesthesiology, Aichi Medical University, Aichi 480-1195.

Masui. the Japanese Journal of Anesthesiology
|February 26, 2011
PubMed
Summary

Peripheral nerve block (PNB) complications, primarily neuropathy, are common, especially with interscalene brachial plexus blocks. Ultrasound-guided PNB can prevent half of these complications, enhancing patient safety.

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Area of Science:

  • Anesthesiology
  • Regional Anesthesia
  • Patient Safety

Background:

  • Peripheral nerve block (PNB) is a common anesthetic technique.
  • PNB offers benefits over general anesthesia but carries risks.
  • Complications associated with PNB require careful consideration.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review and analyze reported complications of peripheral nerve blocks.
  • To identify trends in PNB complications based on case reports.
  • To evaluate the impact of ultrasound guidance on PNB safety.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic review of case reports concerning PNB complications.
  • Exclusion of neuraxial and ophthalmologic blocks.
  • Analysis of complication types and block categories.

Main Results:

  • 115 case reports were analyzed.
  • Interscalene brachial plexus block was most frequently reported.
  • Neuropathy was the most common complication.
  • Only 3 reports involved ultrasound-guided PNB.

Conclusions:

  • Ultrasound-guided PNB offers advantages like direct visualization of structures and anesthetic spread.
  • Ultrasound guidance allows for needle repositioning to optimize anesthetic distribution.
  • Approximately 50% of PNB complications may be preventable with ultrasound guidance.