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Related Concept Videos

Inhibitors of Virion Maturation and Assembly01:19

Inhibitors of Virion Maturation and Assembly

As part of their replication cycle, certain viruses synthesize long precursor proteins called polyproteins within infected host cells. In human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), two major polyproteins are produced: Gag and Gag-Pol. The Gag polyprotein supplies the structural components of the virus, while Gag-Pol includes essential viral enzymes such as reverse transcriptase, integrase, and protease. After synthesis, these polyproteins move to the host cell membrane, where they assemble into an...
Inhibitors of Viral Protein Synthesis01:30

Inhibitors of Viral Protein Synthesis

Protein synthesis is indispensable for viral replication, as viruses lack the cellular machinery required for this process and must hijack the host's translational apparatus. In response, host cells deploy a critical innate immune defense involving interferons, specialized cytokines that play a central role in inhibiting viral propagation.Upon viral detection, infected cells release interferons that bind to receptors on adjacent uninfected cells, activating the JAK-STAT signaling pathway and...
Antiviral Nucleoside Inhibitors01:22

Antiviral Nucleoside Inhibitors

Antiviral Nucleoside InhibitorsAntiviral nucleoside inhibitors are structural analogs of natural nucleosides that interfere with viral DNA or RNA synthesis. These compounds selectively target viral polymerases due to their resemblance to host nucleosides, thereby disrupting viral genome replication.Mechanism of Acyclovir ActionAcyclovir is a guanosine analog with a three-carbon acyclic side chain. It selectively targets herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1), herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2),...
Retrovirus Life Cycles01:10

Retrovirus Life Cycles

Retroviruses have a single-stranded RNA genome that undergoes a special form of replication. Once the retrovirus has entered the host cell, an enzyme called reverse transcriptase synthesizes double-stranded DNA from the retroviral RNA genome. This DNA copy of the genome is then integrated into the host’s genome inside the nucleus via an enzyme called integrase. Consequently, the retroviral genome is transcribed into RNA whenever the host’s genome is transcribed, allowing the retrovirus to...
Inhibitors Of Virion Release01:25

Inhibitors Of Virion Release

Viral replication and dissemination rely on efficient mechanisms for host cell entry, genome replication, assembly, and release. Influenza viruses, such as types A and B, are negative-sense single-stranded RNA viruses with a segmented genome, that depend on two critical surface glycoproteins to carry out these processes: hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA). HA initiates infection by binding to sialic acid residues on the surface of host epithelial cells, facilitating receptor-mediated...
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Sexually Transmitted Infections

Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) are diseases transmitted primarily through unsafe sexual interactions. Bacteria, viruses, or parasites cause them and can result in severe health complications if untreated.ChlamydiaThe bacterium Chlamydia trachomatis is responsible for the disease Chlamydia, the most common STI in the United States. This peculiar pathogen requires human cells to reproduce, residing intracellularly. The initial infection often goes unnoticed because it typically does not...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 4, 2026

Rapid Screening of HIV Reverse Transcriptase and Integrase Inhibitors
05:46

Rapid Screening of HIV Reverse Transcriptase and Integrase Inhibitors

Published on: April 9, 2014

HIV entry inhibitors: progress in development and application.

Wei-hong Lai1, Li Huang, Chin-ho Chen

  • 1Department of Surgery, Duke University Medical Center, Surgical Oncology Research Facility, Durham, North Carolina 27710, USA.

Yao Xue Xue Bao = Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica
|February 26, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This review covers new small molecule HIV-1 entry inhibitors that target viral glycoproteins or host cell receptors. Approved drugs like enfuvirtide and maraviroc are discussed, alongside challenges like drug resistance.

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Early Viral Entry Assays for the Identification and Evaluation of Antiviral Compounds
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Last Updated: Jun 4, 2026

Rapid Screening of HIV Reverse Transcriptase and Integrase Inhibitors
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Published on: April 9, 2014

Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationship, Activity Prediction, and Molecular Dynamics of Non-nucleotide Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors
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Early Viral Entry Assays for the Identification and Evaluation of Antiviral Compounds
09:29

Early Viral Entry Assays for the Identification and Evaluation of Antiviral Compounds

Published on: October 29, 2015

Area of Science:

  • Virology
  • Medicinal Chemistry
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) remains a significant global health challenge.
  • Developing effective anti-HIV therapies is crucial for managing Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS).
  • Small molecule HIV-1 entry inhibitors represent a key therapeutic strategy.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent advancements in the development of anti-HIV agents.
  • To focus on small molecule inhibitors targeting HIV-1 entry.
  • To discuss approved entry inhibitors and associated drug resistance.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of scientific publications and clinical trial data.
  • Analysis of mechanisms of action for HIV-1 entry inhibitors.
  • Examination of drug resistance patterns and implications.

Main Results:

  • Significant progress has been made in developing small molecule HIV-1 entry inhibitors.
  • Entry inhibitors target critical components of the HIV-1 entry pathway, including envelope glycoproteins and cellular receptors (CD4, chemokine receptors).
  • Two entry inhibitors, enfuvirtide and maraviroc, are FDA-approved for AIDS therapy.

Conclusions:

  • Small molecule entry inhibitors are a vital class of anti-HIV drugs.
  • Understanding resistance mechanisms is essential for optimizing treatment strategies.
  • Continued research is needed to overcome drug resistance and improve therapeutic outcomes.