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Probabilistic reasoning in patients with body dysmorphic disorder.

Hannah E Reese1, Richard J McNally, Sabine Wilhelm

  • 1Harvard University, Department of Psychology, 33 Kirkland St., Cambridge, MA 02138, USA. hreese@partners.org

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Patients with Body Dysmorphic Disorder (BDD) do not universally exhibit a jumping to conclusions (JTC) reasoning bias. However, those with poor insight into their condition showed a modest JTC bias, suggesting a link between insight and decision-making in BDD.

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Area of Science:

  • Psychiatry
  • Cognitive Neuroscience
  • Mental Health Research

Background:

  • Body Dysmorphic Disorder (BDD) is often characterized by poor insight, with patients holding delusional beliefs about perceived flaws.
  • A jumping to conclusions (JTC) reasoning bias, involving rapid decision-making with limited information, is associated with delusionality.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate whether patients with BDD exhibit a JTC reasoning style.
  • To compare JTC reasoning in BDD patients with Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD) patients and healthy controls.

Main Methods:

  • Participants (20 BDD, 20 OCD, 20 controls) completed a delusionality measure.
  • Probabilistic reasoning was assessed using the beads task and the survey task.

Main Results:

  • BDD patients displayed higher delusionality than OCD patients.
  • No overall JTC reasoning bias was found in BDD patients compared to OCD patients or controls.
  • BDD patients with poor insight requested significantly less information than those with fair insight.

Conclusions:

  • While not a universal trait, a modest JTC reasoning bias may be present in BDD patients with poor insight.
  • The findings suggest a nuanced relationship between insight, delusionality, and reasoning biases in BDD.
  • Future research should further explore this hypothesis in BDD populations.