Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Mitral Stenosis I: Introduction01:22

Mitral Stenosis I: Introduction

Mitral Valve Stenosis (MVS) is a heart condition where the mitral valve narrows, impeding blood circulation from the left atrium to the left ventricle. The etiology and pathophysiology of this condition are multifaceted, leading to a cascade of cardiovascular complications.Causes of Mitral Valve StenosisRheumatic Heart Disease: It is the main cause of mitral valve stenosis, particularly in developing nations. This condition arises from rheumatic fever, an inflammatory illness resulting from...
Chambers of the Heart01:16

Chambers of the Heart

The human heart is a complex organ made up of four chambers: the right and left atria and the right and left ventricles. These internal chambers are separated by partitions known as the interatrial and interventricular septa. The exterior of the heart features a groove known as the coronary sulcus that demarcates the atria from the ventricles, while the anterior and posterior interventricular sulci distinguish between the two ventricles.
Deoxygenated blood from the body is received in the right...
Cardiomyopathy II: Dilated Cardiomyopathy01:30

Cardiomyopathy II: Dilated Cardiomyopathy

Dilated cardiomyopathy, or DCM, is a progressive myocardial disorder characterized by ventricular chamber dilation and contractile dysfunction.EtiologyVarious factors can cause DCM, including hypertension and heavy alcohol intake, which contribute to the weakening and enlargement of the heart muscle. Viral infections, such as Coxsackievirus B, adenoviruses, and influenza, can lead to DCM by causing inflammation and damage to heart tissue. Certain chemotherapeutic agents, including daunorubicin,...
Cardiomyopathy IV: Restrictive Cardiomyopathy01:29

Cardiomyopathy IV: Restrictive Cardiomyopathy

Restrictive cardiomyopathy (RCM) is a rare heart muscle disease characterized by impaired ventricular filling due to stiffened ventricular walls, leading to significant diastolic dysfunction.EtiologyRestrictive cardiomyopathy can arise from both inherited and acquired diseases, many of which are systemic. It is categorized into four main types: infiltrative, storage, non-infiltrative, and endomyocardial diseases.Infiltrative diseases, such as amyloidosis, lead to RCM by depositing amyloid...
Mitral Regurgitation I: Introduction01:20

Mitral Regurgitation I: Introduction

Mitral regurgitation is characterized by the backward circulation of blood from the left ventricle to the left atrium during systole, a phase of the cardiac cycle when the heart contracts and pumps blood out of the chambers. This abnormal flow occurs primarily due to the dysfunction of the mitral valve or its supporting structures, which include the mitral leaflets, chordae tendineae, annulus, and papillary muscles.Etiology and Mechanisms:Primary Mitral Regurgitation: This type arises from...
Mitral Valve Prolapse I: Introduction01:27

Mitral Valve Prolapse I: Introduction

IntroductionThe mitral valve, one of the heart's four valves, regulates blood flow. These valves have flaps that open and close to direct blood properly through the heart and body. During each heartbeat, the flaps open for blood to pass through and seal shut to prevent backflow. Specifically, the mitral valve opens to allow blood flow from the heart's upper left chamber to the lower left chamber. It then closes securely as the lower left chamber contracts to pump blood to the body, preventing...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Organizational Culture in Pediatric Cardiology: Results of a Multinational Exploratory Physician Survey with Implications for Team Performance and Patient Safety.

Pediatric cardiology·2026
Same author

Cardiac Catheterization in American Indian/Alaska Native Populations: Empowering Communities, Providers, and Systems Toward Equity.

Journal of the Society for Cardiovascular Angiography & Interventions·2026
Same author

Moving forward together in the care of our patients and our teams: from the past to the future.

Cardiology in the young·2026
Same author

Multicenter validation of AI-enabled ECG for pediatric biological sex prediction.

NPJ digital medicine·2026
Same author

Embedding Compassion and Communication Frameworks in Pediatric Cardiology.

Pediatric cardiology·2026
Same author

Intervendor agreement for left atrial strain via speckle tracking echocardiography in pediatrics.

The international journal of cardiovascular imaging·2025

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 4, 2026

Murine Fetal Echocardiography
08:04

Murine Fetal Echocardiography

Published on: February 15, 2013

Ventricular septal defect.

Daniel J Penny1, G Wesley Vick

  • 1Department of Cardiology, Royal Children's Hospital, and Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Vic, Australia. djpenny@texaschildrens.org

Lancet (London, England)
|February 26, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Ventricular septal defects (VSDs) are common congenital heart issues. Their presentation and management vary widely, with limited evidence guiding optimal care, especially in adults.

More Related Videos

Echocardiographic Evaluation of Atrial Communications before Transcatheter Closure
07:41

Echocardiographic Evaluation of Atrial Communications before Transcatheter Closure

Published on: February 8, 2022

A Pipeline to Characterize Structural Heart Defects in the Fetal Mouse
08:19

A Pipeline to Characterize Structural Heart Defects in the Fetal Mouse

Published on: December 16, 2022

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 4, 2026

Murine Fetal Echocardiography
08:04

Murine Fetal Echocardiography

Published on: February 15, 2013

Echocardiographic Evaluation of Atrial Communications before Transcatheter Closure
07:41

Echocardiographic Evaluation of Atrial Communications before Transcatheter Closure

Published on: February 8, 2022

A Pipeline to Characterize Structural Heart Defects in the Fetal Mouse
08:19

A Pipeline to Characterize Structural Heart Defects in the Fetal Mouse

Published on: December 16, 2022

Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Pediatric Cardiology
  • Congenital Heart Disease

Background:

  • Ventricular septal defects (VSDs) represent a significant portion, up to 40%, of congenital cardiac malformations.
  • VSDs present a spectrum of anomalies, from isolated defects to complex associations, influencing clinical outcomes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To delineate the anatomical variations of VSDs.
  • To review current management strategies for VSDs.
  • To explore long-term considerations for VSDs in adolescents and adults.

Main Methods:

  • Comprehensive review of the anatomical spectrum of VSDs.
  • Discussion of diagnostic techniques and physiological considerations.
  • Examination of genetic determinants and management challenges.

Main Results:

  • VSD presentation, symptoms, and natural history are contingent on defect size, associated anomalies, patient age, and available expertise.
  • Optimal management strategies are often limited by scarce evidence.
  • Long-term outcomes, particularly in adults with pulmonary hypertension and Eisenmenger's syndrome, require specific attention.

Conclusions:

  • VSD management requires a tailored approach considering anatomical complexity and patient factors.
  • Further research is needed to establish evidence-based guidelines for VSD care.
  • Adolescents and adults with VSDs, especially those with pulmonary vascular complications, necessitate specialized long-term management strategies.