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Environmental fate of phenanthrene in lysimeter planted with wheat and rice in rotation
Wenchao Du1, Yuanyuan Sun, Lu Cao
1State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210046, China.
Abstract:
An outdoor lysimeter experiment was conducted to investigate the fate of 14C-labeled phenanthrene in the soil planted with wheat and rice in rotation. Results showed that applied 14C-activity in the soil decreased mainly through gaseous losses; 67.5% of it evaporated as 14CO2. After the rice harvest, the surface soil retained 21.7% of applied 14C-activity, of which 92.4% remained in nonextractable soil residues. The 14C-activities found in deeper layers of the soil column indicated vertical migration of phenanthrene or metabolites. Furthermore, the 14C-activities detected in five organs of mature wheat or rice decreased in the order: roots > leaves > shells>stems > grains. The vertical migration and its accumulation by grains suggest that PAHs in field have adverse effects on the security of groundwater and food.
