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The relationship between injection and noninjection drug use and HIV disease progression

Han-Zhu Qian1, Samuel E Stinnette, Peter F Rebeiro

  • 1Vanderbilt Institute for Global Health, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA. han-zhu.qian@vanderbilt.edu

Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment
|February 26, 2011
PubMed

Insights

Noninjection drug use does not impact HIV disease progression. Injection drug use, however, significantly worsens outcomes, even with highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART).

Area of Science:

  • Infectious Diseases
  • Epidemiology
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Injection drug use is linked to poorer HIV outcomes, even with highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART).
  • Limited data exist on the impact of noninjection drug use on HIV disease progression.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the association between noninjection drug use and HIV disease progression.
  • To compare HIV disease progression among injection drug users, noninjection drug users, and non-drug users.

Main Methods:

  • An observational study of 1,712 HIV-infected individuals from January 1, 1999, to December 31, 2005.
  • Data collected on history of injection drug use, noninjection drug use, and demographic factors.
  • Adjusted hazard ratios (HR) were calculated for AIDS-defining events or death.

Main Results:

  • Injection drug use was associated with a higher likelihood of advancing to AIDS or death (adjusted HR = 1.97).
  • No statistically significant difference in disease progression was found between noninjection drug users and non-drug users (HR = 1.19).
  • Analyses based on active drug use during the study period yielded similar results.

Conclusions:

  • Noninjection drug use is not associated with HIV disease progression.
  • Further prospective studies are needed to explore specific types and extent of noninjection drug use.
  • Limitations include using drug use history and combining diverse drug types.
Abstract

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