Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Synaptic Signaling01:12

Synaptic Signaling

Neurons communicate at synapses, or junctions, to excite or inhibit the activity of other neurons or target cells, such as muscles. Synapses may be chemical or electrical.
Synaptic Signaling01:09

Synaptic Signaling

Neurons communicate at synapses, or junctions, to excite or inhibit the activity of other neurons or target cells, such as muscles. Synapses may be chemical or electrical.
Most synapses are chemical, meaning an electrical impulse or action potential spurs the release of chemical messengers called neurotransmitters. The neuron sending the signal is called the presynaptic neuron, and the neuron receiving the signal is the postsynaptic neuron.
The presynaptic neuron fires an action potential that...
Overview of Cell Signaling01:23

Overview of Cell Signaling

Despite the protective membrane that separates a cell from the environment, cells need the ability to detect and respond to environmental changes. Additionally, cells often need to communicate with one another. Unicellular and multicellular organisms use a variety of cell signaling mechanisms to communicate with the environment.
Cells respond to many types of information, often through receptor proteins positioned on the membrane. For example, skin cells respond to and transmit touch...
Overview of Cell Signaling01:23

Overview of Cell Signaling

Despite the protective membrane that separates a cell from the environment, cells need the ability to detect and respond to environmental changes. Additionally, cells often need to communicate with one another. Unicellular and multicellular organisms use a variety of cell signaling mechanisms to communicate with the environment.
Cells respond to many types of information, often through receptor proteins positioned on the membrane. For example, skin cells respond to and transmit touch...
The Synapse02:47

The Synapse

Neurons communicate with one another by passing on their electrical signals to other neurons. A synapse is the location where two neurons meet to exchange signals. At the synapse, the neuron that sends the signal is called the presynaptic cell, while the neuron that receives the message is called the postsynaptic cell. Note that most neurons can be both presynaptic and postsynaptic, as they both transmit and receive information.
What is Cell Signaling?02:03

What is Cell Signaling?

Despite the protective membrane that separates a cell from the environment, cells need the ability to detect and respond to environmental changes. Additionally, cells often need to communicate with one another. Unicellular and multicellular organisms use a variety of cell signaling mechanisms to communicate to respond to the environment.

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

<i>APOE4-APP</i> interactions exert early influences on cerebrovascular structure and function: implications for Alzheimer's disease.

Frontiers in neuroscience·2025
Same author

Cytoplasmic and nuclear protein interaction networks of the synapto-nuclear messenger CRTC1 in neurons reveal cooperative chromatin binding between CREB1 and CRTC1, MEF2C and RFX3.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2025
Same author

Aβ-driven nuclear pore complex dysfunction alters activation of necroptosis proteins in a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease.

eLife·2025
Same author

CREB-regulated transcription during glycogen synthesis in astrocytes.

Scientific reports·2024
Same author

Aging differentially alters the transcriptome and landscape of chromatin accessibility in the male and female mouse hippocampus.

Frontiers in molecular neuroscience·2024
Same author

Cytokine enrichment in deep cerebellar nuclei is contributed by multiple glial populations and linked to reduced amyloid plaque pathology.

Journal of neuroinflammation·2023
Same journal

Population codes for context-dependent decision-making.

Current opinion in neurobiology·2026
Same journal

Cichlid fish as a model for understanding social dysfunction.

Current opinion in neurobiology·2026
Same journal

On aims and methods in field neuroethology: Investigating neural mechanisms of behavior in semi-natural and natural contexts.

Current opinion in neurobiology·2026
Same journal

Neurobiological interfaces connecting environmental change to monarch butterfly migration.

Current opinion in neurobiology·2026
Same journal

Learning how to experience the world: From circuits to cell types to genes.

Current opinion in neurobiology·2026
Same journal

Editorial overview for neurobiology of disease 2026.

Current opinion in neurobiology·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 4, 2026

Isolation of CA1 Nuclear Enriched Fractions from Hippocampal Slices to Study Activity-dependent Nuclear Import of Synapto-nuclear Messenger Proteins
10:03

Isolation of CA1 Nuclear Enriched Fractions from Hippocampal Slices to Study Activity-dependent Nuclear Import of Synapto-nuclear Messenger Proteins

Published on: August 10, 2014

Synapse-to-nucleus signaling.

Toh Hean Ch'ng1, Kelsey C Martin

  • 1Department of Biological Chemistry, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1737, United States.

Current Opinion in Neurobiology
|February 26, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Neurons transmit signals from distant parts to the nucleus for gene expression. This review covers retrograde signaling mechanisms, focusing on synaptic transport during neural plasticity.

More Related Videos

Use of Pre-Assembled Plastic Microfluidic Chips for Compartmentalizing Primary Murine Neurons
10:50

Use of Pre-Assembled Plastic Microfluidic Chips for Compartmentalizing Primary Murine Neurons

Published on: November 2, 2018

Simultaneous Electrophysiological Recording and Calcium Imaging of Suprachiasmatic Nucleus Neurons
09:42

Simultaneous Electrophysiological Recording and Calcium Imaging of Suprachiasmatic Nucleus Neurons

Published on: December 8, 2013

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 4, 2026

Isolation of CA1 Nuclear Enriched Fractions from Hippocampal Slices to Study Activity-dependent Nuclear Import of Synapto-nuclear Messenger Proteins
10:03

Isolation of CA1 Nuclear Enriched Fractions from Hippocampal Slices to Study Activity-dependent Nuclear Import of Synapto-nuclear Messenger Proteins

Published on: August 10, 2014

Use of Pre-Assembled Plastic Microfluidic Chips for Compartmentalizing Primary Murine Neurons
10:50

Use of Pre-Assembled Plastic Microfluidic Chips for Compartmentalizing Primary Murine Neurons

Published on: November 2, 2018

Simultaneous Electrophysiological Recording and Calcium Imaging of Suprachiasmatic Nucleus Neurons
09:42

Simultaneous Electrophysiological Recording and Calcium Imaging of Suprachiasmatic Nucleus Neurons

Published on: December 8, 2013

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Molecular Biology
  • Cell Biology

Background:

  • Signals from distal neuronal compartments travel to the nucleus to regulate gene expression.
  • Retrograde signaling is essential for neural circuit development, function, and survival.
  • Neurons possess diverse mechanisms for long-distance signal transmission.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review mechanisms of retrograde signal transport from distal sites to neuronal nuclei.
  • To focus on the transport of soluble signals from synapses to the nucleus during neuronal plasticity.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of retrograde signaling pathways.
  • Analysis of molecular mechanisms for long-distance neuronal communication.
  • Focus on synaptic plasticity and nuclear gene expression.

Main Results:

  • Multiple mechanisms exist for transporting distally generated signals to neuronal nuclei.
  • Soluble signals play a key role in synaptic plasticity-induced nuclear changes.
  • Retrograde transport is crucial for adaptive neuronal responses.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding retrograde signaling is vital for comprehending neural circuit dynamics.
  • Mechanisms of signal transport are key to neuronal development and function.
  • Further research into synaptic transport pathways will illuminate neuronal plasticity.