Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Urethra

Urethra

The urethra is a hollowed tubular organ through which urine is expelled from the body. This structure extends from the bladder to the external opening, allowing urine to be released.
The anatomy of the urethra differs between males and females. In females, the urethra is short, measuring about 3–4 cm in length, and opens anterior to the vaginal opening. In males, the urethra is longer and passes through the penis, serving dual purposes: expelling urine and ejaculating semen. The male urethra is...

Anatomy of the Genitourinary System II: Bladder and Urethra

Anatomy of the Genitourinary System II: Bladder and Urethra

The lower urinary system consists of the urinary bladder and urethra, which are essential in storing and expelling urine from the body. Together with the internal and external sphincters, these structures work together to regulate urination effectively.Anatomy of the BladderThe urinary bladder is a muscular, stretchable organ behind the pubic bone and in front of the rectum. In females, the bladder is positioned anterior to the vagina and inferior to the uterus, while in males, it is located...

Kidney Transplant II: Surgical Procedure

Kidney Transplant II: Surgical Procedure

Preoperative ManagementThe primary goals of preoperative management in kidney transplantation are to optimize the patient’s metabolic state and prepare them for surgery through diet adjustments, necessary dialysis, and tailored medical treatment. This phase also involves comprehensive infection screening and patient education about the surgical procedure and postoperative care to improve outcomes and adherence.Medical ManagementA comprehensive evaluation is required for both the living donor...

Urinary Tract Calculi VI: Surgical Management

Urinary Tract Calculi VI: Surgical Management

Procedures for Kidney StonesMedical intervention is necessary when kidney stones or renal calculi are too large to pass spontaneously (typically greater than 5 millimeters) when stones are accompanied by symptomatic infection (such as fever or pyelonephritis), when they impair kidney function, or when they cause persistent symptoms like severe pain, nausea, or urinary retention. Additionally, patients with only one kidney or those who cannot be treated with medical management also require...

Ureters

Ureters

The ureters are retroperitoneal tubes located on either side of the vertebral column. They are responsible for transporting urine from each kidney to the urinary bladder. These tubes have thick walls and are approximately 25-30 cm long. Their diameter is around 10 mm at the renal pelvis, gradually narrowing to 1 mm as the ureter obliquely enters the posterior bladder wall through the ureteric orifices. The shape of these orifices is slit-like, which helps to prevent urine backflow toward the...

Urologic Endoscopic Procedure: Cystoscopic Examination

Urologic Endoscopic Procedure: Cystoscopic Examination

Meaning of Cystoscopic Examination:Cystoscopy is an essential diagnostic tool in urology that is used to assess the structure and function of the genitourinary system. It provides a direct view of the urethra, bladder, and, in some cases, the ureteral openings. This procedure helps detect structural abnormalities, infections, cancers, and blockages in the urinary tract. There are two types of cystoscopy:Flexible cystoscopy is commonly performed in outpatient settings due to its less invasive...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Cost Analysis of Supracervical Versus Total Hysterectomy During Sacrocolpopexy.

Urogynecology (Philadelphia, Pa.)·2026

Same author

Trends in the Treatment of Stress Urinary Incontinence in a Tertiary Care Center After the Introduction of Polyacrylamide Hydrogel.

Neurourology and urodynamics·2025

Same author

Concomitant anti-incontinence procedure at the time of prolapse repair: Sometimes.

The French journal of urology·2025

Same author

A Randomized Non-Inferiority Trial for Telemedicine in the Follow-Up of Overactive Bladder Patients.

Neurourology and urodynamics·2025

Same author

A Randomized Controlled Trial of a Novel Device for Stress Incontinence.

Urogynecology (Philadelphia, Pa.)·2025

Same author

Efficacy and safety of onabotulinumtoxinA for the treatment of overactive bladder in men and women: A pooled analysis.

Neurourology and urodynamics·2024

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 4, 2026

Urethral Stricture Induction Followed by Buccal Mucosa Graft Urethroplasty in a Rat Model

Urethral Stricture Induction Followed by Buccal Mucosa Graft Urethroplasty in a Rat Model

Published on: April 28, 2023

Female urethral reconstruction.

Nirit Rosenblum¹, Victor W Nitti

¹Department of Urology, New York University, Langone Medical Center, 150 East 32 Street, New York, NY 10016, USA. Nirit.Rosenblum@nyumc.org

The Urologic Clinics of North America

|March 1, 2011

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Understanding female urethral anatomy is key for successful urethral reconstruction. This review details reconstruction techniques for the proximal, mid, and distal urethra.

More Related Videos

Vessel-sparing Excision and Primary Anastomosis

Vessel-sparing Excision and Primary Anastomosis

Published on: January 7, 2019

Urethroplasty with Pedicled Tunica Vaginalis for the Treatment of Long-segment Anterior Urethral Stricture Caused by Lichen Sclerosus of Glans Penis

Urethroplasty with Pedicled Tunica Vaginalis for the Treatment of Long-segment Anterior Urethral Stricture Caused by Lichen Sclerosus of Glans Penis

Published on: October 18, 2024

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 4, 2026

Urethral Stricture Induction Followed by Buccal Mucosa Graft Urethroplasty in a Rat Model

Urethral Stricture Induction Followed by Buccal Mucosa Graft Urethroplasty in a Rat Model

Published on: April 28, 2023

Vessel-sparing Excision and Primary Anastomosis

Vessel-sparing Excision and Primary Anastomosis

Published on: January 7, 2019

Urethroplasty with Pedicled Tunica Vaginalis for the Treatment of Long-segment Anterior Urethral Stricture Caused by Lichen Sclerosus of Glans Penis

Urethroplasty with Pedicled Tunica Vaginalis for the Treatment of Long-segment Anterior Urethral Stricture Caused by Lichen Sclerosus of Glans Penis

Published on: October 18, 2024

Area of Science:

Urology
Female Pelvic Medicine

Background:

Female urethral reconstruction requires a detailed understanding of anatomy.
Previous approaches may not have fully considered specific anatomical regions.

Purpose of the Study:

To review female urethral reconstruction techniques.
To categorize techniques based on anatomical divisions of the urethra.

Main Methods:

Literature review of female urethral reconstruction techniques.
Categorization of techniques by urethral anatomical segments: proximal and bladder neck, midurethra, and distal urethra.

Main Results:

Techniques for proximal and bladder neck reconstruction are discussed.
Methods for midurethral reconstruction are presented.
Distal urethral reconstruction strategies are outlined.

Conclusions:

Anatomical understanding guides effective urethral reconstruction.
A segmented approach to female urethral reconstruction is essential for optimal outcomes.