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Shell particles, trials, tribulations and triumphs.

Georges Guiochon¹, Fabrice Gritti

¹Department of Chemistry, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996-1600, USA. guiochon@utk.edu

Journal of Chromatography. A

|March 1, 2011

Summary

Shell particles, initially developed for macromolecule analysis, are making a comeback. New generations of these superficially porous particles offer improved chromatographic column efficiency for faster analysis.

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Area of Science:

Analytical Chemistry
Chromatography

Background:

Pellicular (shell) particles were first proposed for macromolecule analysis to enhance mass transfer kinetics.
Improvements in fully porous particles led to the decline of shell particles in the 1970s.

Purpose of the Study:

To review the evolution of shell particles in chromatography.
To discuss the factors driving the resurgence of shell particles.
To analyze the impact of modern shell particles on chromatographic efficiency.

Main Methods:

Review of historical development and recent advancements in particle technology.
Analysis of the principles behind shell particle efficiency.
Discussion of the interplay between particle design, instrument compatibility, and analytical throughput.

Main Results:

A new generation of shell particles has emerged, significantly enhancing chromatographic column efficiency.
These particles offer a better compromise between high efficiency and manageable back-pressures for conventional liquid chromatography instruments.
Modern shell particles achieve unprecedented levels of performance.

Conclusions:

Shell particles have been successfully reintroduced, meeting the demand for higher analytical throughput.
Their unique structure provides superior mass transfer kinetics, leading to improved chromatographic separations.
The resurgence of shell particles represents a significant advancement in liquid chromatography technology.