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Related Concept Videos

MicroRNAs01:22

MicroRNAs

MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns (non-coding regions of a gene) or intergenic regions (stretches of DNA present between genes). Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself, forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After the pre-miRNA...
MicroRNAs01:22

MicroRNAs

MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns—non-coding regions of a gene—or intergenic regions—stretches of DNA present between genes. Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After the pre-miRNA ends...
MicroRNAs01:22

MicroRNAs

MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns—non-coding regions of a gene—or intergenic regions—stretches of DNA present between genes. Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After the pre-miRNA ends...
Master Transcription Regulators02:23

Master Transcription Regulators

Master transcription regulators are regulatory proteins that are predominantly responsible for regulating the expression of multiple genes. Often these genes work in concert to drive a  complex process. Activation of a master transcription regulator can lead to a cascade of transcriptional activation necessary for that outcome. These regulators can directly bind to the regulatory sequences of the various genes involved, or they can indirectly regulate transcription by binding to regulatory...
T Cell Types and Functions01:24

T Cell Types and Functions

When T cells with CD4 markers are activated, they give rise to two types of effector cells: helper T cells and regulatory T cells. Meanwhile, T cells with CD8 markers differentiate into effector cytotoxic T cells. The differentiation of CD4 T cells into helper T cell subsets, such as Th1, Th2, and Th17 cells, is dependent on the antigen type, antigen-presenting cell, and regulatory cytokines.
Th1 cells stimulate dendritic cells to express necessary co-stimulatory molecules on their surfaces for...
B Cell Activation and Differentiation01:24

B Cell Activation and Differentiation

The adaptive immune response, a sophisticated defense mechanism, relies on the activation and differentiation of B lymphocytes, or B cells. These processes enable our bodies to mount a tailored response against specific pathogens such as bacteria, free virus particles, toxins, and parasites.
When naive B cells encounter a specific antigen that can bind to the B cell receptor (BCR) on their surface, they undergo sensitization to respond to the antigen's presence. Sensitization begins with...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 4, 2026

Describing a Transcription Factor Dependent Regulation of the MicroRNA Transcriptome
07:23

Describing a Transcription Factor Dependent Regulation of the MicroRNA Transcriptome

Published on: June 15, 2016

MicroRNA control of lymphocyte differentiation and function.

Laura Belver1, F Nina Papavasiliou, Almudena R Ramiro

  • 1DNA Hypermutation and Cancer Group, Spanish National Cancer Research Center (CNIO), Madrid 28029, Spain.

Current Opinion in Immunology
|March 1, 2011
PubMed
Summary

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) regulate gene expression in lymphocytes, impacting cell development and function. Dysregulated miRNA activity is linked to cancer, highlighting their dual role in immunity and oncogenesis.

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Last Updated: Jun 4, 2026

Describing a Transcription Factor Dependent Regulation of the MicroRNA Transcriptome
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Genome-wide Analysis of HDAC Inhibitor-mediated Modulation of microRNAs and mRNAs in B Cells Induced to Undergo Class-switch DNA Recombination and Plasma Cell Differentiation
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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Immunology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small, non-coding RNAs regulating gene expression post-transcriptionally.
  • They influence mRNA stability and translation, impacting diverse biological processes.
  • miRNAs are crucial for immune system development, activation, and maturation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the function of miRNAs in lymphocytes.
  • To explore their role in normal lymphocyte development.
  • To examine the connection between miRNA dysregulation and oncogenesis.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of genetic studies and molecular mechanisms.
  • Analysis of miRNA involvement in lymphocyte gene regulation.
  • Correlation of miRNA dysregulation with cancer development.

Main Results:

  • Specific miRNAs are essential for lymphocyte development and immune responses.
  • Altered miRNA expression patterns are observed in various cancers.
  • miRNAs impact protein-coding gene expression in lymphocytes.

Conclusions:

  • miRNAs are key regulators of lymphocyte function and development.
  • Aberrant miRNA expression contributes to lymphomagenesis.
  • Understanding miRNA roles is vital for both immunology and cancer research.