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Common behavioral problems among children with asthma: is there a role of asthma treatment?
Hulya Ercan Saricoban1, Ahmet Ozen, Koray Harmanci
1Pediatric Allergy and Asthma Unit, Yeditepe University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey. hulya_ercan@yahoo.com
Insights
Asthma medications, specifically inhaled corticosteroids with leukotriene antagonists, are linked to behavioral issues in children. This combination therapy, not asthma itself, increases the risk of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and oppositional defiant disorder.
Area of Science:
- Pediatric Allergy and Pulmonology
- Child Psychology and Psychiatry
Background:
- Children with asthma exhibit a higher prevalence of behavioral problems.
- Investigating the link between asthma and behavioral issues is crucial for comprehensive care.
Purpose of the Study:
- To examine the association between common behavioral problems and asthma.
- To specifically evaluate the role of asthma medications in these behavioral associations.
Main Methods:
- A cohort of 409 children with asthma and 157 healthy controls were assessed.
- Behavioral problems including attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), attention deficit (AD), hyperactivity and impulsivity (HI), and oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) were evaluated using a standardized inventory.
Main Results:
- No significant differences in the prevalence of AD, hyperactivity, ADHD, or ODD were found between children with asthma and controls.
- Among children with asthma, the duration of adjunctive leukotriene antagonist (LA) and inhaled corticosteroid (ICS) therapy correlated with hyperactivity, AD, ADHD, and ODD scores.
- Patients on ICS+LA treatment showed an increased risk for oppositional behavior compared to both controls and those on other asthma medications.
Conclusions:
- The adjunctive use of ICS+LA therapy, rather than asthma itself, is associated with behavioral problems.
- This combination therapy may increase the risk for conditions like ODD in children with asthma.
Background:
An increased prevalence of behavioral problems has been described among children with asthma.
Objective:
To investigate those associations between common behavioral problems and asthma, with an emphasis on the roles of medications used for asthma.
Method:
We studied 409 children who had been followed-up in pediatric allergy clinics and 157 age-matched healthy controls. A diagnostic and statistical manual disorder-referenced symptom inventory was used to assess "attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder" (ADHD), "attention deficit" (AD), "hyperactivity and impulsivity" (HI), and "oppositional defiant disorder" (ODD) behavioral problems.
Results:
The study group consisted of 409 patients (male: 251, female: 158), with a mean age of 9.0 ± 2.67 years, and the control group consisted of 157 children (male: 75, female: 82), with a mean age of 9.0 ± 2.86 years. Prevalences of AD, hyperactivity, ADHD, and ODD were not significantly different between the study and control groups. Among those patients receiving leukotriene antagonist (LA) drugs adjunctive to inhaled corticosteroids (ICS), duration of treatment was correlated with total scores calculated for hyperactivity (P = .035, r = 0.432), AD (P = .044, r = 0.414), ADHD (P = .042, r = 0.418), and ODD (P = .032, r = 0.439). Among patients with asthma, children with ODD had a significantly longer duration of LA+ICS use (P = .024) compared with those with no ODD. Patients with hyperactivity had a longer duration of ICS+LA use compared with those with no hyperactivity (P = .009). Patients with asthma receiving LA+ICS treatment had a higher risk for oppositional behavior (4.282 times compared with the control group [P = .042, confidence interval (CI): 1.542-15.949]) and 8.3 times compared with patients with asthma not using any drug (P = .021, CI: 1.419-48.543).
Conclusion:
Rather than asthma itself, adjunctive use of ICS+LA therapy appears to be related with symptoms of common behavioral problems, including hyperactivity, AD, ADHD, and ODD and to increase the risk of ODD.
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