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[Epidemiology. Risk factors and genetic influence]

Gonzalo Pin Arboledas1, Amalia Lluch Roselló, Magdalena Cubel Alarcó

  • 1Unidad Valenciana del Sueño, Hospital Quirón, Valencia, España. gpa@comv.es

Acta Otorrinolaringologica Espanola
|March 1, 2011
PubMed

Insights

Habitual snoring affects over 7% of children, with 10% developing sleep apnea. Obesity significantly increases this risk, highlighting the need for routine screening in affected children.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Sleep Medicine
  • Epidemiology
  • Respiratory Medicine

Context:

  • Epidemiological data on sleep-disordered breathing (SDB) in children are limited.
  • Habitual snoring prevalence is 7.45% in children.
  • Obesity and comorbidities increase SDB risk.

Purpose:

  • To summarize current epidemiological data on SDB in children.
  • To highlight the association between snoring, sleep apnea, and risk factors like obesity.
  • To emphasize the need for routine SDB screening in at-risk pediatric populations.

Summary:

  • Habitual snoring affects 7.45% of children; 10% of these develop sleep apnea.
  • Prevalence estimates for childhood sleep apnea vary (1-4% objectively, 4-11% by parent questionnaire).
  • Obesity is a major risk factor, with prevalence of sleep apnea in obese children ranging from 4.69% to 6.6%.

Impact:

  • Routine screening for SDB is recommended for obese children, even without suggestive symptoms.
  • Genetic factors play a significant role (35-40% variance) in SDB, suggesting future research directions.
  • Improved understanding of SDB prevalence and risk factors can lead to earlier diagnosis and intervention in children.

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