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Related Concept Videos

Disorders of Leukocytes01:27

Disorders of Leukocytes

Leukocyte disorders can lead to either leukopenia, characterized by an abnormally low leukocyte count, or leukocytosis, marked by a very high leukocyte number.
Leukopenia may result from bone marrow disorders, autoimmune diseases, and infectious diseases. For example, conditions such as multiple myeloma and aplastic anemia can impair the bone marrow's ability to produce adequate leukocytes. Similarly, autoimmune diseases like lupus and viral infections such as HIV can prompt the immune system...
Karyotyping01:17

Karyotyping

Describing the number and physical features of chromosomes can reveal abnormalities that underlie genetic diseases. This description is facilitated by special staining techniques that produce a particular banding pattern on each chromosome. State-of-the-art techniques make this approach even more powerful, enabling the detection of individual genes that cause disease.A Simple Chromosome Staining Technique Provides Valuable Scientific InsightSome genetic diseases can be detected by looking at...
Karyotyping01:17

Karyotyping

Describing the number and physical features of chromosomes can reveal abnormalities that underlie genetic diseases. This description is facilitated by special staining techniques that produce a particular banding pattern on each chromosome. State-of-the-art techniques make this approach even more powerful, enabling the detection of individual genes that cause disease.A Simple Chromosome Staining Technique Provides Valuable Scientific InsightSome genetic diseases can be detected by looking at...
Nondisjunction01:29

Nondisjunction

During meiosis, chromosomes occasionally separate improperly. This occurs due to failure of homologous chromosome separation during meiosis I or failed sister chromatid separation during meiosis II. In some species, notably plants, nondisjunction can result in an organism with an entire additional set of chromosomes, which is called polyploidy. In humans, nondisjunction can occur during male or female gametogenesis and the resulting gametes possess one too many or one too few chromosomes.
Nondisjunction01:21

Nondisjunction

Nondisjunction is the failure of homologous chromosomes or sister chromatids to separate correctly and move to the opposite poles of the cells. This produces daughter cells with abnormal chromosome numbers.  Nondisjunction is common during anaphase I or anaphase II of meiosis.  Mutations in synaptonemal complex proteins that attach homologous chromosomes increase the chances of nondisjunction in anaphase I of meiosis I. In contrast, mutations in topoisomerases and condensins that hold sister...
Lampbrush Chromosomes01:51

Lampbrush Chromosomes

In 1882, Flemming observed lampbrush chromosomes (LBC) in salamander eggs. Later in 1892, Rückert observed LBCs in shark egg cells and coined the term "lampbrush chromosomes" because they looked like brushes used to clean kerosene lamps.
LBCs are made up of two pairs of conjugating homologous chromatids. Each chromatid consists of alternatively positioned regions of condensed-inactive chromatin and loosely placed-active side loops, which can be contracted and extended. The loops resemble the...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 4, 2026

Chromosome Preparation From Cultured Cells
07:42

Chromosome Preparation From Cultured Cells

Published on: January 28, 2014

Additional chromosome abnormalities in chronic myeloid leukemia.

Hui-Hua Hsiao1, Yi-Chang Liu, Hui-Jen Tsai

  • 1Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.

The Kaohsiung Journal of Medical Sciences
|March 1, 2011
PubMed
Summary

Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) shows varied presentations. Additional chromosome abnormalities in CML patients are linked to accelerated phases and poorer outcomes, despite effective Imatinib therapy.

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Rapid Analysis of Chromosome Aberrations in Mouse B Lymphocytes by PNA-FISH
07:54

Rapid Analysis of Chromosome Aberrations in Mouse B Lymphocytes by PNA-FISH

Published on: August 19, 2014

Area of Science:

  • Hematology
  • Oncology
  • Cytogenetics

Background:

  • Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is characterized by the Philadelphia chromosome (Ph) and BCR-ABL1 transcript.
  • CML exhibits heterogeneous clinical presentations and patient outcomes.
  • Understanding cytogenetic and molecular profiles is crucial for CML management.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analyze cytogenetic and molecular findings in CML patients.
  • To evaluate the correlation between these findings and clinical presentation, treatment response, and outcome.
  • To identify prognostic factors in CML.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective analysis of 84 newly diagnosed CML patients.
  • Cytogenetic and molecular studies (including BCR-ABL1 transcript analysis) on bone marrow samples.
  • Review of clinical data, treatment courses, and survival outcomes.

Main Results:

  • 72 patients had chronic phase, 12 had accelerated phase CML.
  • 82.1% showed classic Ph chromosome; 10.7% had additional chromosome abnormalities.
  • Additional chromosome abnormalities were significantly associated with accelerated phase CML.
  • Imatinib was effective in achieving cytogenetic response in chronic phase.
  • Old age, additional chromosome abnormalities, high Sokal score, and lack of cytogenetic response predicted poor survival.

Conclusions:

  • Cytogenetic and molecular patterns in CML patients were characterized.
  • Additional chromosome abnormalities are a significant indicator of poor prognosis in CML.
  • Early identification of prognostic markers is vital for optimizing CML patient care.