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Diversity of Protists IV

Diversity of Protists IV

Amoebozoa represent a diverse group of terrestrial and aquatic protists that utilize lobe-shaped pseudopodia for locomotion and feeding. This characteristic differentiates them from the Rhizaria, which possess threadlike pseudopodia. The primary classifications within Amoebozoa include gymnamoebas, entamoebas, and the plasmodial and cellular slime molds. Phylogenetic evidence indicates that Amoebozoa diverged from a lineage that ultimately gave rise to fungi and animals.Gymnamoebas and...

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The development of all multicellular organisms starts with the fusion of haploid cells called sperm and egg to form a diploid zygote. A zygote is a totipotent cell that can develop into a complete organism. The zygote undergoes cell division or cleavage to form an 8-cell mass. Until this stage, the cells are spherical, loosely attached, and remain totipotent. Totipotent cells are capable of developing both the embryonic and the extraembryonic tissues. However, as they continue to divide, they...

Diversity of Protists II

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Alveolates are a group of organisms recognized by the presence of alveoli, which are cytoplasmic sacs located beneath the cell membrane. While their function remains uncertain, alveoli may help regulate water balance by controlling how much water enters and leaves the cell. In dinoflagellates, these structures may serve as armor plates. There are three major types of alveolates: ciliates, which move using cilia; dinoflagellates, which use flagella for movement; and apicomplexans, which are...

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Rhizaria are a diverse group of unicellular protists characterized by their threadlike cytoplasmic extensions known as pseudopodia. These structures aid in both locomotion and feeding, giving Rhizaria an amoeboid appearance. Their amoeboid morphology once led to taxonomic confusion, but molecular phylogenetics has clarified their evolutionary placement and emphasized their shared use of pseudopodia despite divergent lineages.This clade comprises diverse lineages such as Chlorarachniophyta,...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 4, 2026

Genetic Engineering of Dictyostelium discoideum Cells Based on Selection and Growth on Bacteria

Genetic Engineering of Dictyostelium discoideum Cells Based on Selection and Growth on Bacteria

Published on: January 25, 2019

Multicellular development of dictyostelium.

Pascale Gaudet¹, Petra Fey, Rex Chisholm

¹dictyBase, Center for Genetic Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA.

|March 2, 2011

Summary

Dictyostelium discoideum, a social amoeba, forms multicellular structures when starved. Optimal development requires harvesting cells during exponential growth for synchronized multicellular development.

Area of Science:

Cell Biology
Developmental Biology
Microbiology

Background:

Dictyostelium discoideum is a unicellular eukaryote known for its social behavior.
It transitions to a multicellular structure upon nutrient depletion, mimicking early development.

Purpose of the Study:

To outline optimal laboratory conditions for inducing and observing Dictyostelium discoideum multicellular development.
To provide methods for achieving synchronous development in Dictyostelium discoideum cultures.

Main Methods:

Harvesting Dictyostelium discoideum cells during exponential growth (1-4 × 10^6 cells/mL).
Inducing multicellular development by replacing growth medium with a buffer solution.
Utilizing solid media (filter paper, KK2 plates) or suspension cultures for development.

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Studying the Protein Quality Control System of D. discoideum Using Temperature-controlled Live Cell Imaging

Studying the Protein Quality Control System of D. discoideum Using Temperature-controlled Live Cell Imaging

Published on: December 2, 2016

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 4, 2026

Genetic Engineering of Dictyostelium discoideum Cells Based on Selection and Growth on Bacteria

Genetic Engineering of Dictyostelium discoideum Cells Based on Selection and Growth on Bacteria

Published on: January 25, 2019

High-throughput Measurement of Dictyostelium discoideum Macropinocytosis by Flow Cytometry

High-throughput Measurement of Dictyostelium discoideum Macropinocytosis by Flow Cytometry

Published on: September 10, 2018

Studying the Protein Quality Control System of D. discoideum Using Temperature-controlled Live Cell Imaging

Studying the Protein Quality Control System of D. discoideum Using Temperature-controlled Live Cell Imaging

Published on: December 2, 2016

Main Results:

Harvesting at optimal cell density prevents asynchronous development.
Suspension cultures allow observation of early developmental stages (6-8 hours).
Adding cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) pulses to suspension cultures extends development observation to 12 hours.

Conclusions:

Synchronous multicellular development in Dictyostelium discoideum is achievable through controlled harvesting and environmental conditions.
Specific methods, including cAMP stimulation, allow for the study of distinct developmental stages in vitro.