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Related Concept Videos

Introduction to Nuclear Reprogramming01:14

Introduction to Nuclear Reprogramming

Nuclear reprogramming is the process of switching gene expression of one cell type to that of another cell type, usually from a differentiated cell state to an undifferentiated cell state. Differentiation occurs during processes such as development and morphogenesis, tissue regeneration, and malignancy. Cells can also be artificially induced to reprogram their gene expression by techniques such as nuclear transfer, induced pluripotency, and cell fusion. Such techniques have many applications in...
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Nuclear reprogramming is a process of transforming one cell type into an unrelated cell type by epigenetic changes that alter the cell’s original gene expression pattern. Such epigenetic changes force cells to express a different set of genes, which play a significant role in inducing transformation into other cell types. Nuclear reprogramming offers applications in reproductive cloning for livestock propagation and regenerative medicine — developing patient-specific cells for injury repair.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 4, 2026

Nuclear Transfer into Mouse Oocytes
14:17

Nuclear Transfer into Mouse Oocytes

Published on: November 30, 2006

Noninvasive human nuclear transfer with embryonic stem cells.

Sohyun L McElroy1, Renee A Reijo Pera

  • 1Center for Human Embryonic Stem Cell Research and Education, Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA 94304-5542, USA.

CSH Protocols
|March 2, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study presents a noninvasive human nuclear transfer (NT) protocol. It avoids damaging DNA by visualizing the oocyte spindle without staining or UV light, offering an alternative to traditional SCNT methods.

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Published on: September 30, 2010

Area of Science:

  • Reproductive Biology
  • Stem Cell Research
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) is crucial for producing offspring and stem cells.
  • Human SCNT faces ethical and practical limitations regarding oocyte availability.
  • Traditional enucleation methods using Hoechst staining and UV light can damage oocyte mitochondrial DNA.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop an alternative to invasive SCNT protocols.
  • To establish a noninvasive method for human nuclear transfer.
  • To overcome limitations associated with oocyte availability and DNA damage in SCNT.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized noninvasive nuclear transfer (NT) techniques.
  • Employed polarized microscopic imaging systems to visualize the oocyte meiotic spindle.
  • Avoided DNA staining and UV illumination during the enucleation process.

Main Results:

  • Successfully visualized the oocyte spindle without DNA staining.
  • Developed a protocol for noninvasive human nuclear transfer.
  • Established a method that bypasses the need for Hoechst staining and UV light.

Conclusions:

  • Noninvasive NT techniques offer a promising alternative for human SCNT.
  • This method minimizes potential damage to oocyte mitochondrial DNA.
  • The protocol addresses ethical and practical concerns related to human oocyte sourcing for SCNT research.