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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 4, 2026

The Tail Suspension Test

The Tail Suspension Test

Published on: January 28, 2012

A tale of pseudo tail.

Kamal Hamoud¹, Janan Abbas

¹Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Poria Medical Center, Tiberias, Israel. k_hamoud@yahoo.com

|March 2, 2011

Summary

A symptomatic pseudo tail in a child, caused by coccygeal segmentation failure, was successfully treated with coccygectomy. Long-term follow-up showed regrowth of the coccyx in normal alignment, resolving the patient's symptoms.

Area of Science:

Pediatric Surgery
Congenital Malformations
Orthopedic Surgery

Background:

Caudal appendages, including true tails and pseudo tails, are rare congenital anomalies.
Pseudo tails are often caused by protruding coccygeal vertebrae and typically require surgical removal.
Segmentation failure of coccygeal vertebrae can lead to abnormal coccyx positioning.

Observation:

A 7-year-old girl presented with a symptomatic pseudo tail due to a lordotic coccyx deformity from partial segmentation.
The patient experienced discomfort and functional interference due to the coccygeal malformation.

Findings:

Surgical resection of the coccyx (coccygectomy) successfully resolved the patient's symptoms.
Eight years post-surgery, radiographic evaluation revealed regeneration of a small coccygeal bone in normal alignment.

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The regenerated coccyx did not cause recurrent symptoms or malalignment.

Implications:

Coccygectomy is an effective treatment for symptomatic pseudo tails caused by coccygeal malformations.
The coccyx has regenerative potential, with new bone formation possible after resection.
Understanding coccygeal development is crucial for managing these rare pediatric conditions.